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Why is Kleinman's Explanatory Model of Health and Illness significant?
- A. it focuses on the health beliefs of a particular family.
- B. it highlights the impact of culture on health explanations.
- C. it discusses the significant role of popular and folk domains of influence.
- D. it is based on an educational approach.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kleinman's Explanatory Model of Health and Illness is significant because it emphasizes the influence of popular and folk domains on health perceptions. Kleinman distinguishes between disease, representing the biomedical view, and illness, reflecting individual understanding. The model underscores that cultural factors shape the significance of popular and folk influences on health beliefs. Choice A is incorrect as the model focuses on broader cultural influences, not individual family beliefs. Choice B is incorrect as it oversimplifies the model's emphasis on various cultural aspects. Choice D is incorrect as the model's significance lies in its cultural framework rather than an educational base.
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During a genital examination of a male client, a nurse notices wrinkled skin on the penis and scrotum. What should the nurse do based on this finding?
- A. Documents the normal finding
- B. Checks for penile discharge, as this indicates infection
- C. Palpates for a mass in the scrotum, as wrinkling suggests the presence of one
- D. Obtains additional subjective data from the client, focusing on the scrotal abnormality
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The penile skin typically appears wrinkled and hairless, without lesions, during a normal examination. Also, the scrotal skin naturally has a wrinkled appearance known as rugae. It is common for the left half of the scrotum to be positioned lower than the right, indicating normal asymmetry. Given these normal variations, the nurse should document the finding of wrinkled skin on the penis and scrotum. Checking for penile discharge or palpating for a mass in the scrotum is not indicated based on the presence of wrinkled skin, as this is a normal finding. Obtaining additional subjective data focusing on a scrotal abnormality is unnecessary since the wrinkled appearance is typical.
At a health screening clinic, a nurse is educating a young woman about breast self-examination (BSE). The nurse determines that the client demonstrates understanding when she makes which statement?
- A. BSE should be performed monthly after the menstrual period.
- B. BSE is performed after the menstrual period.
- C. Monthly BSE is a recommended method for early detection of breast cancer.
- D. Monthly BSE includes inspection before a mirror and palpation both in the shower and while lying down.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Monthly BSE includes inspection before a mirror and palpation both in the shower and while lying down.' BSE should be performed monthly after the menstrual period, not every other month or on the day menstruation begins. Performing BSE on the seventh day of the menstrual cycle when the breasts are smallest and least congested is recommended. While BSE is a useful tool for early detection, it is not the only method. Regular physical examinations and mammograms are also important. The correct technique for BSE includes inspecting the breasts in front of a mirror, palpating in the shower for easier detection, and conducting palpation while lying down for thorough examination.
The LPN is taking care of a 176-pound client who has recently been diagnosed with diabetes. The primary healthcare provider has written an order for Lantus® (insulin glargine injection) 100 units/mL, using weight-based dosing of 0.2 units/kg per day. The LPN should prepare ____ units for administration.
- A. 12
- B. 35
- C. 16
- D. 9
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To calculate the correct dosage, first convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms. As 1 kg = 2.2 pounds, 176 pounds ÷ 2.2 = 80 kg. The client should receive 0.2 units for every kilogram, which equals 16 units. Therefore, the total amount to prepare is 16 units x 100 units/mL = 1600 units. Considering the medication concentration of 100 units/mL, 1600 units ÷ 100 units/mL = 16 mL. However, since the question asks for the number of units, the final answer is 16 units x 2 injections = 32 units. Therefore, the LPN should prepare 32 units for administration.
A nurse assisting with data collection for a client with kidney failure notes that the client has the appearance of generalized edema over the entire body. The nurse documents this finding using which terminology?
- A. Anasarca
- B. Ecchymosis
- C. Unilateral edema
- D. Increased vascularity of the skin tissue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct term for generalized edema over the entire body is 'Anasarca.' Anasarca is indicative of a systemic issue such as congestive heart failure or kidney failure. It does not refer to increased vascularity of the skin tissue. Ecchymosis is a bruise caused by capillary bleeding into the tissues, unrelated to generalized edema. Unilateral edema is swelling in a specific area of the body, not the generalized edema observed in anasarca.
In a community pediatric health clinic, which developmental task should you apply into your practice?
- A. You should apply the principles of initiative when caring for preschool children.
- B. You should apply the principles of sensorimotor thought when caring for preschool children.
- C. You should apply the principles of intimacy when caring for the adolescent.
- D. You should apply the principles of concrete operations when caring for the adolescent.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When working in a community pediatric health clinic, applying the principles of initiative is crucial when caring for preschool children. According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, the developmental task for preschool children is initiative. Preschool children are in the stage where they are eager to initiate activities and carry out tasks. This stage is characterized by a balance between initiative and guilt. By encouraging children to explore and take the initiative in a supportive environment, healthcare providers can foster their sense of independence and creativity.
The other choices are incorrect because:
- Sensorimotor thought is a term associated with Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory, not Erikson's psychosocial theory.
- Intimacy is a developmental task associated with young adults, not adolescents, in Erikson's theory.
- Concrete operations is a term linked to Piaget's theory of cognitive development and is not a developmental task according to Erikson's psychosocial theory.