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Why is Kleinman's Explanatory Model of Health and Illness significant?
- A. it focuses on the health beliefs of a particular family.
- B. it highlights the impact of culture on health explanations.
- C. it discusses the significant role of popular and folk domains of influence.
- D. it is based on an educational approach.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kleinman's Explanatory Model of Health and Illness is significant because it emphasizes the influence of popular and folk domains on health perceptions. Kleinman distinguishes between disease, representing the biomedical view, and illness, reflecting individual understanding. The model underscores that cultural factors shape the significance of popular and folk influences on health beliefs. Choice A is incorrect as the model focuses on broader cultural influences, not individual family beliefs. Choice B is incorrect as it oversimplifies the model's emphasis on various cultural aspects. Choice D is incorrect as the model's significance lies in its cultural framework rather than an educational base.
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A nurse assisting with data collection of a client gathers both subjective and objective data. Which finding would the nurse document as subjective data?
- A. The client appears anxious.
- B. Blood pressure is 170/80 mm Hg.
- C. The client states that he has a rash.
- D. The client has diminished reflexes in the legs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Subjective data are information provided by the client about their symptoms, feelings, or experiences. In this case, the client reporting having a rash is subjective data because it is based on what the client says. Choices A, B, and D involve observations or measurements made by the nurse (anxious appearance, blood pressure, reflexes), which fall under objective data. Objective data are observable and measurable data obtained through physical examination, vital signs assessment, and laboratory tests.
A pregnant client asks how she can prevent getting Group B Strep. What is the LPN's best response?
- A. You cannot prevent getting Group B Strep; you can only treat it.
- B. You should have your partner wear a condom every time you have intercourse.
- C. You should be extra vigilant about hand-washing, especially in the third trimester.
- D. The Group B Strep vaccine is the only proven way to prevent the disease.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best response for the LPN to provide to a pregnant client concerned about preventing Group B Strep is that it cannot be prevented, only treated. Group B Strep is a normal flora found in the vagina, rectum, and intestines of about 25% of women and is not a sexually transmitted disease. Testing for Group B Strep is done in each pregnancy, usually around 35-37 weeks. If a woman tests positive, antibiotics are administered during labor to reduce the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby. Choice A is the correct answer as Group B Strep cannot be prevented but only treated. Choice B is incorrect; condom use does not prevent Group B Strep. Choice C is not the best response as hand-washing is important for general hygiene but does not specifically prevent Group B Strep. Choice D is incorrect as there is no vaccine available to prevent Group B Strep.
During a home visit, the LPN finds a client taking Amiodarone. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of potential drug side effects?
- A. "It is normal if I have numbing or tingling in my feet."?
- B. "I need to make sure I wear sunblock when going outdoors."?
- C. "I need to take supplemental vitamin B12."?
- D. "I should avoid eating leafy vegetables."?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Amiodarone can cause increased photosensitivity, making it essential for the client to wear sunblock when exposed to sunlight. Choice A is incorrect because numbing or tingling in the feet is not a common side effect of Amiodarone. Choice C is unrelated as the drug does not typically require supplemental vitamin B12. Choice D is also incorrect as there is no need to avoid leafy vegetables specifically due to Amiodarone.
A nurse assisting with data collection notes that the client's skin is very dry. The nurse documents this finding using which term?
- A. Xerosis
- B. Pruritus
- C. Seborrhea
- D. Actinic keratoses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dry skin is also called xerosis. In this condition, the epidermis lacks moisture or sebum and is often marked by a pattern of fine lines, scaling, and itching. Xerosis is the correct term for very dry skin. Pruritus is the symptom of itching, an uncomfortable sensation that prompts the urge to scratch the skin, but it does not specifically refer to dry skin. Seborrhea is a skin condition characterized by overproduction of sebum, leading to excessive oiliness or dry scales, not necessarily indicating very dry skin. Actinic keratoses are sun-related skin lesions that are premalignant and not associated with dry skin.
A healthcare professional reviewing a client's health care record notes documentation that the client has Heberden nodes of the distal interphalangeal joints. Which disorder does the healthcare professional determine that the client has?
- A. Scoliosis
- B. Osteoarthritis
- C. Rotator cuff lesions
- D. Carpal tunnel syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is characterized by hard, nontender nodules of 2 to 3 mm or larger. These osteophytes (bony overgrowths) of the distal interphalangeal joints are called Heberden nodes. In this disorder, when these nodes occur on the proximal interphalangeal joints, they are called Bouchard nodes. Heberden nodes are not associated with scoliosis, rotator cuff lesions, or carpal tunnel syndrome. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect.