Nokea
Why is nitrogen gas an extremely stable molecule?
- A. resonance bonds
- B. ionic bonds
- C. triple covalent bonds
- D. hydrogen bonds
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C - triple covalent bonds. Nitrogen gas (N2) is composed of two nitrogen atoms held together by a triple covalent bond. This bond is very strong and requires a significant amount of energy to break, making nitrogen gas a stable molecule. Triple covalent bonds involve the sharing of three pairs of electrons, resulting in a very stable configuration. Resonance bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds are not present in the structure of nitrogen gas, hence they do not contribute to its stability.
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Which of the following organs filters excess solutes from the blood?
- A. Stomach
- B. Kidney
- C. Gallbladder
- D. Spleen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Kidney. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering excess solutes, wastes, and toxins from the blood to produce urine. The stomach's primary function is digestion, the gallbladder stores bile, and the spleen aids in blood filtration and fighting infections. However, it is the kidneys that specifically filter solutes from the blood, making them crucial for maintaining proper fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Which of the following events occurs in metaphase I of meiosis and contributes to genetic variation?
- A. Independent assortment
- B. Reduction division
- C. Crossing over
- D. Homologous pairing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Independent assortment is the correct answer as it occurs during metaphase I of meiosis. This process leads to genetic variation by randomly aligning homologous chromosomes along the metaphase plate, creating diverse combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the resulting daughter cells. Consequently, this random assortment increases genetic diversity among the gametes that are formed. During independent assortment, homologous chromosomes randomly align at the metaphase plate, leading to different combinations of chromosomes in the daughter cells. This shuffling of genetic material from maternal and paternal sources results in offspring with unique genetic makeups, contributing to genetic diversity within a population.
How does soap's property as an emulsifier make it useful for washing dirt off one's hands with water?
- A. Soap's dual polar and nonpolar nature helps bond oil and water.
- B. Soap's rough texture physically scours grime off surfaces.
- C. Soap's enzymatic action helps to dissolve grime into smaller particles.
- D. Soap's acidity causes grime to precipitate into the water.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Soap acts as an emulsifier due to its dual polar and nonpolar nature. This unique feature allows soap molecules to interact with both oil and water, facilitating their bonding. When washing hands with soap and water, the soap molecules attract oil and dirt on the skin because of their dual nature. Consequently, the dirt and oil become suspended in the water, making it easier to wash them away. Therefore, soap's dual polar and nonpolar nature enables it to effectively remove dirt and oil from the skin when combined with water.
What type of covalent bonds are present between the monomers of an enzyme macromolecule?
- A. Phosphodiester bonds
- B. Glycosidic bonds
- C. Ester bonds
- D. Peptide bonds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enzymes are a type of biological macromolecules known as proteins. Proteins are composed of amino acid monomers that are linked together by peptide bonds. These peptide bonds form through a condensation reaction between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid. The specific covalent bonds present between the monomers of an enzyme macromolecule are peptide bonds. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Peptide bonds.
The covalent bonds between the monomers of an enzyme macromolecule are
- A. phosphodiester bonds
- B. glycosidic bonds
- C. ester bonds
- D. peptide bonds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enzymes are proteins, and proteins are made up of amino acid monomers linked together by peptide bonds. Therefore, the covalent bonds between the monomers of an enzyme macromolecule are peptide bonds.