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Why is the concept of prevention essential in describing health?
- A. Disease can be prevented by treating the external environment.
- B. Most deaths among Canadians under age 65 are not preventable.
- C. Prevention places emphasis on the link between health and personal behaviour.
- D. The means to prevention is through treatment provided by primary health care practitioners.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because prevention emphasizes the importance of personal behavior in maintaining health. It highlights the role of individual choices in preventing diseases and promoting well-being. A is incorrect because prevention focuses on proactive measures rather than treating external factors. B is incorrect as it contradicts the importance of prevention in reducing preventable deaths. D is incorrect because prevention is about avoiding health issues before they occur, not treating them after they have developed.
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A 40-year-old woman presents to the clinic with complaints of fatigue and weight gain. On assessment, the nurse finds that the patient has cold intolerance, dry skin, and a slow heart rate. The nurse suspects:
- A. Hyperthyroidism.
- B. Hypothyroidism.
- C. Cushing's syndrome.
- D. Addison's disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypothyroidism. In this case, the patient's symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, and slow heart rate are indicative of hypothyroidism. The thyroid gland is underactive, leading to decreased production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism. These symptoms align with the typical clinical presentation of hypothyroidism. Other choices are incorrect because hyperthyroidism (choice A) would present with symptoms like weight loss, heat intolerance, and a fast heart rate. Cushing's syndrome (choice C) and Addison's disease (choice D) are both conditions related to the adrenal glands and would have different symptom presentations compared to what is described in the case scenario.
The nurse is planning health education for a 65-year-old woman who has had a cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and is aphasic. Which of the following is most important to use when assessing mental health in this situation?
- A. Please count back from 100 by sevens.
- B. I will name three items and ask you to repeat them in a few minutes.
- C. Please point to articles in the room and parts of the body as I name them.
- D. What would you do if you found a stamped, addressed envelope on the sidewalk?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Please point to articles in the room and parts of the body as I name them. This is the most important assessment for mental health in an aphasic patient post-stroke because it evaluates their comprehension, communication abilities, and cognitive function. Pointing to articles and body parts demonstrates understanding and ability to follow instructions, which are crucial aspects of mental health assessment in this context.
A: Please count back from 100 by sevens - This choice involves memory and mathematical abilities, which may not accurately assess mental health in an aphasic patient.
B: I will name three items and ask you to repeat them in a few minutes - This choice tests memory recall, which is not as relevant for assessing mental health in an aphasic patient post-stroke.
D: What would you do if you found a stamped, addressed envelope on the sidewalk? - This choice assesses problem-solving skills, which may not be the most appropriate indicator of mental health in an aphasic patient.
A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications?
- A. Pneumonia.
- B. Respiratory failure.
- C. Hypoglycemia.
- D. Hypertension.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory failure. Patients with COPD have impaired lung function, making them at risk for respiratory failure due to inadequate oxygenation. This can occur due to exacerbation of COPD, infections, or other factors. Monitoring for signs of respiratory distress is crucial.
A: Pneumonia - While patients with COPD are at higher risk for pneumonia due to impaired lung function, respiratory failure is a more immediate and critical complication to monitor for in this scenario.
C: Hypoglycemia - COPD does not directly increase the risk of hypoglycemia, so monitoring for this complication is not a priority in this case.
D: Hypertension - Although some patients with COPD may have hypertension, it is not a common complication directly related to COPD. Monitoring for respiratory failure is more essential in this situation.
To which part of the assessment is information about who lives with a child, the method of disciplining, and support system related?
- A. Family history
- B. Review of systems
- C. Functional assessment
- D. Reason for seeking care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Functional assessment. This type of assessment focuses on understanding how an individual functions in their daily life. Information about who lives with a child, the method of disciplining, and support system directly relate to the child's functionality and overall well-being. Family history (A) typically refers to medical conditions in the family. Review of systems (B) involves examining different body systems for symptoms. Reason for seeking care (D) pertains to the specific reason why the child is seeking medical attention and does not encompass the broader aspects of the child's functioning.
A 35-year-old pregnant woman comes to the clinic for her monthly appointment. During assessment, the nurse notices that she has a brown patch of hyperpigmentation on her face. The nurse continues the skin assessment aware that another finding may be:
- A. Keratosis.
- B. Mitoasma.
- C. Linea nigra.
- D. Linea gravida.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Linea nigra. This is a common finding during pregnancy due to hormonal changes causing hyperpigmentation on the abdomen. The other choices are incorrect because keratosis refers to a skin condition characterized by rough, scaly patches; melasma is a condition causing dark patches on the skin, often due to hormonal changes; and linea gravida is not a recognized term in dermatology. Therefore, based on the context of the patient being pregnant and presenting with hyperpigmentation on her face, the most likely finding would be Linea nigra, a dark line that runs from the navel to the pubic bone during pregnancy.