Endocrine System Questions

Endocrine System Questions Related

Review Endocrine System Questions related questions and content

Why is the posterior pituitary gland called the neurohypophysis?

  • A. The posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus.
  • B. The neurohypophysis secretes releasing hormones.
  • C. The posterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate adenohypophyseal function.
  • D. The posterior pituitary gland secretes releasing hormones.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus produces hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland. This connection between the two structures allows for direct neural control over hormone release.

Option B is incorrect because the neurohypophysis does not secrete releasing hormones; rather, it releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Option C is incorrect because the posterior pituitary gland does not regulate adenohypophyseal function; instead, it stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Option D is incorrect because the posterior pituitary gland does not secrete releasing hormones; it releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

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Propantheline can be used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease because it decreases gastric acid secretion. What prototype drug is most like propantheline?

  • A. Atropine
  • B. Neostigmine
  • C. Propranolol
  • D. Phentolamine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Atropine is the correct answer as it is an anticholinergic agent like propantheline, both inhibiting acetylcholine activity. This action reduces gastric acid secretion, aiding in peptic ulcer treatment. Neostigmine (B) increases acetylcholine activity, opposite to propantheline's effect. Propranolol (C) is a beta-blocker, not directly affecting gastric acid secretion. Phentolamine (D) is an alpha-blocker, also not related to reducing gastric acid secretion.

The patient with adrenal insufficiency is to be discharged taking prednisone 10 mg orally each day. What will you be sure to teach the patient?

  • A. Report excessive weight gain or swelling to the physician.
  • B. Rapid changes of position may cause hypotension.
  • C. A diet with foods high in potassium may be beneficial.
  • D. Signs of hypoglycemia may occur while taking this drug.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Patients taking prednisone for adrenal insufficiency should be advised that rapid changes of position can lead to hypotension due to the body's decreased ability to regulate blood pressure.

Review of a patient's chart reveals that two years ago she was treated with ritodrine. Which of the following was the most likely condition or reason for which this drug was given?

  • A. Parkinson's disease
  • B. Bronchial asthma
  • C. Depression
  • D. Premature labor
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Premature labor. Ritodrine is a tocolytic agent commonly used to inhibit premature labor by relaxing the uterine muscles. It works by decreasing the frequency and intensity of contractions, helping to delay premature delivery. Parkinson's disease (A), bronchial asthma (B), and depression (C) are not conditions typically treated with ritodrine. Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder, bronchial asthma is a respiratory condition, and depression is a mental health condition. Therefore, based on the pharmacological action of ritodrine and the context of its usage, the most likely reason for which this drug was given in this case is to manage premature labor.

Mr. R, a 52-year-old patient with hyperthyroidism, is experiencing a thyroid storm. Which of the following symptoms would indicate the need for immediate intervention?

  • A. Hypothermia
  • B. Low blood pressure
  • C. Severe tachycardia
  • D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Severe tachycardia is a hallmark of thyroid storm and requires immediate intervention to prevent life-threatening complications such as heart failure or stroke.

Which class of oral glucose-lowering agents is most commonly used for people with type 2 diabetes because it reduces hepatic glucose production and enhances tissue uptake of glucose?

  • A. Insulin
  • B. Meglitinide
  • C. Biguanide
  • D. Sulfonylurea
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Biguanides, like metformin, are commonly used because they reduce glucose production in the liver and enhance tissue glucose uptake.

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