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Why is the specific gravity for infants lower than for older children?
- A. Infants have a greater body surface area.
- B. Infants have a higher basal metabolic rate.
- C. Infants have a greater percentage of body weight that is water.
- D. Infants' kidneys are less able to concentrate urine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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A 1-week-old infant develops pulmonary hypertension following repair of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Which of the following lab findings is MOST likely to be a contributing factor to this patient's hypertension?
- A. PaCO2 50
- B. pH 7.50
- C. PaO2 150 mmHg
- D. N/A
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which child is at risk for developing glomerulonephritis?
- A. A 3-year-old who had impetigo 1 week ago.
- B. A 5-year-old with five UTIs in the previous year.
- C. A 6-year-old with new-onset type 1 diabetes.
- D. A 10-year-old recovering from viral pneumonia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A 9mo-old infant develops a left adrenal mass; histological examination with genetic characteristics confirms neuroblastoma. Which of the following carries a better outcome?
- A. amplification of the MYCN (N-myc) proto-oncogene
- B. hyperdiploidy
- C. loss of heterozygosity of 17q chromosome
- D. loss of 1p chromosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A healthcare professional is preparing to collect a sample from a toddler for a sickle turbidity test. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional plan to take?
- A. Obtain a sputum specimen
- B. Perform an Allen test
- C. Perform a finger stick
- D. Obtain a stool specimen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The healthcare professional should perform a finger stick on a toddler as a component of the sickle turbidity test. If the test is positive, hemoglobin electrophoresis is required to distinguish between children who have the genetic trait and children who have the disease. Finger stick is a common method used to collect blood samples, especially in pediatric patients, for various tests.
The patient is receiving a heparin infusion for the treatment of pulmonary embolism. Which assessment finding is most likely related to an adverse effect of heparin?
- A. HR of 60 bpm
- B. BP of 160/88
- C. Discolored urine
- D. Inspiratory wheezing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary and most serious adverse effect of heparin is bleeding. However, discolored urine can indicate bleeding into the urinary tract, which is a potential adverse effect of heparin therapy. While changes in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) can occur due to various reasons, discolored urine specifically points towards a potential adverse effect related to heparin therapy.