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Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when assessing a child admitted to the hospital unit with a diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)?
- A. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema
- B. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain
- C. Decreased urine specific gravity and increased urinary output
- D. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Proteinuria results from the loss of proteins, particularly albumin, in the urine, leading to hypoalbuminemia. The low oncotic pressure due to hypoalbuminemia causes fluid to shift into the interstitial spaces, resulting in edema. These clinical manifestations are classic signs of MCNS and help differentiate it from other renal conditions.
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Which statement is true concerning early intervention services for children 0-2 years?
- A. Only healthcare professionals can determine if the child is eligible for services
- B. Specific diagnoses are not required to qualify for services
- C. Families must not pay for services
- D. Services are provided to a diverse group of children and families
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
In Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), which organ is LEAST likely affected?
- A. skin
- B. ear
- C. bone
- D. middle nodes
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
What does the abbreviation BPD mean in a medical chart?
- A. Brain premature deficit
- B. Bronchiopulmonary dysplasia
- C. Bilateral partial disorder
- D. Baby post delivery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchiopulmonary Dysplasia. BPD refers to a chronic lung disorder that primarily affects premature infants or those who have been on ventilator support. It is characterized by abnormal development of the lungs and breathing difficulties. This abbreviation is commonly seen on medical charts in neonatal and pediatric settings.
You are evaluating a 6-year-old child with ALL on interim maintenance phase who has frequent mucositis and myelosuppression that needs frequent discontinuation of his treatment. Of the following, the MOST valuable test for this child is
- A. complete blood count
- B. pharmacogenetic testing of the thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) gene
- C. renal function test
- D. bone marrow study
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which principle does not follow neuromaturational theory?
- A. The sequence and rate of motor development are consistent among infants
- B. Movement emerges from an interaction and cooperation of many systems
- C. Movement progresses from primitive reflexes to voluntary control
- D. Low-level skills are prerequisites for certain high-level skills
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neuromaturational theory emphasizes that motor development progresses in a predictable sequence and rate, starting from primitive reflexes to voluntary control. It also states that low-level skills are foundational for higher-level skills. However, the theory does not support the idea that movement solely emerges from an interaction and cooperation of many systems, as it focuses more on the hierarchical development of motor skills.