Nokea
Why is the stratified squamous epithelium found in the skin adapted for?
- A. Absorption
- B. Secretion
- C. Protection
- D. Gas exchange
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The stratified squamous epithelium found in the skin is adapted for protection. This type of epithelium forms a tough, protective barrier against physical, chemical, and biological damage. Its multiple layers of cells help prevent the entry of pathogens and reduce water loss from the body, making it essential for shielding the underlying tissues. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because stratified squamous epithelium is not specialized for absorption, secretion, or gas exchange. Instead, its primary function is to protect the underlying tissues and organs from external damage and dehydration.
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What is the 3D structure of a protein called?
- A. Tertiary structure
- B. Secondary structure
- C. Primary structure
- D. Quaternary structure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: - Primary structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein.
- Secondary structure refers to local folded structures within a protein, such as alpha helices and beta sheets.
- Tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of a protein, which is determined by interactions between amino acid side chains and the environment.
- Quaternary structure refers to the arrangement of multiple protein subunits in a protein complex.
Therefore, the 3D structure of a protein is called the tertiary structure because it represents the overall folding of the protein into a specific shape.
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of:
- A. Convergent evolution
- B. Divergent evolution
- C. Microevolution
- D. Macroevolution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a classic example of microevolution (option C). Microevolution refers to changes in allele frequencies within a population over a relatively short period of time. In the case of antibiotic resistance, bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics through the natural selection of pre-existing resistant strains. This process does not involve the formation of new species or higher taxonomic groups, which are associated with macroevolution (option D). Convergent evolution (option A) involves different species independently evolving similar traits in response to similar environmental pressures, which is not the case with antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Divergent evolution (option B) refers to related species becoming more dissimilar over time, which also does not apply to the scenario of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Which of the following is an example of a polymer?
- A. Methane
- B. Ethanol
- C. Polyethylene
- D. Acetic acid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Polyethylene. Polyethylene is a polymer composed of a large number of repeating ethylene units linked together, forming a long-chain molecule, characteristic of polymers. Methane, ethanol, and acetic acid are small organic molecules that do not demonstrate the repeating unit structure typical of polymers. Therefore, they are not examples of polymers.
Bile, stored in the gallbladder, aids in the digestion of which nutrient?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Proteins
- C. Fats
- D. Vitamins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aids in the digestion of fats. Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets to increase the efficiency of fat digestion by enzymes like lipase. This process enhances the absorption of fats in the small intestine, facilitating the body's utilization of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Carbohydrates are primarily broken down by enzymes like amylase, proteins by pepsin and other proteases, and vitamins have varying digestion and absorption processes, which do not involve bile. Therefore, the correct answer is fats as they are directly influenced by bile in the digestion process.
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst, and is considered a key player in the endocrine system?
- A. Amygdala
- B. Hippocampus
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Thalamus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst, making it a vital component in maintaining homeostasis. It also plays a crucial role in the endocrine system by controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. The amygdala primarily processes emotions, the hippocampus is associated with memory formation, and the thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information. Therefore, the hypothalamus is the correct answer as it directly regulates the physiological processes mentioned in the question.