Nokea
Which property of a wave is measured in Hertz (Hz)?
- A. Amplitude
- B. Wavelength
- C. Speed
- D. Frequency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequency is the property of a wave that is measured in Hertz (Hz). It represents the number of complete cycles of the wave that occur in one second. Amplitude refers to the height of the wave, wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points on a wave that are in phase, and speed is the rate at which the wave travels through a medium. Therefore, the correct answer is frequency as it directly corresponds to the unit Hertz (Hz) used to measure the number of wave cycles per second.
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What is the 3D structure of a protein called?
- A. Tertiary structure
- B. Secondary structure
- C. Primary structure
- D. Quaternary structure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: - Primary structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein.
- Secondary structure refers to local folded structures within a protein, such as alpha helices and beta sheets.
- Tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of a protein, which is determined by interactions between amino acid side chains and the environment.
- Quaternary structure refers to the arrangement of multiple protein subunits in a protein complex.
Therefore, the 3D structure of a protein is called the tertiary structure because it represents the overall folding of the protein into a specific shape.
Which of the following is a common property of both acids and bases?
- A. React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
- B. Taste sour
- C. Turn blue litmus paper red
- D. Conduct electricity when dissolved in water
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Both acids and bases can conduct electricity when dissolved in water. Acids ionize in water to produce H+ ions, which can carry an electric current, while bases ionize to produce OH- ions, which also conduct electricity. The other options are not common properties of both acids and bases. Reacting with metals to produce hydrogen gas is characteristic of acids, tasting sour is a property of acids, and turning blue litmus paper red is a property of bases, not a common property shared by both.
Which biome is characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost, and coniferous trees?
- A. Tundra
- B. Desert
- C. Rainforest
- D. Savanna
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A) Tundra: This biome is characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost (permanently frozen subsoil), and vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and coniferous trees like spruce and fir. The tundra is found in high latitudes near the Arctic Circle and high altitudes in mountainous regions. It is a cold and harsh environment where the ground remains frozen for a significant part of the year. The coniferous trees in this biome are adapted to survive in extreme cold conditions.
B) Desert: Deserts are characterized by low precipitation levels and high temperatures, with sparse vegetation adapted to arid conditions.
C) Rainforest: Rainforests are characterized by high levels of rainfall, warm temperatures, and dense vegetation with a variety of plant and animal species.
D) Savanna: Savannas are tropical grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs, characterized by a distinct wet and dry season. They have a different climate pattern compared to the cold temperatures and permafrost found in the tundra biome.
In this case, the description of cold temperatures, permafrost, and coniferous trees aligns most closely with the characteristics of the tundra biome, making option A the correct answer.
What is the term for the energy absorbed during a chemical reaction?
- A. Kinetic energy
- B. Potential energy
- C. Heat energy
- D. Endothermic energy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct term for the energy absorbed during a chemical reaction is 'Endothermic energy.' Endothermic reactions absorb energy from their surroundings, leading to a decrease in temperature. The prefix 'endo-' means 'inward' or 'within,' indicating that energy is taken in during the reaction. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because kinetic energy refers to the energy of motion, potential energy is stored energy, and heat energy is a form of energy transfer rather than specifically the energy absorbed during a chemical reaction.
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst, and is considered a key player in the endocrine system?
- A. Amygdala
- B. Hippocampus
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Thalamus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst, making it a vital component in maintaining homeostasis. It also plays a crucial role in the endocrine system by controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. The amygdala primarily processes emotions, the hippocampus is associated with memory formation, and the thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information. Therefore, the hypothalamus is the correct answer as it directly regulates the physiological processes mentioned in the question.