Nokea
Why might patients with periodontal disease require increased protein intake?
- A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
- B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
- C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
- D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with periodontal disease may require increased protein intake due to the physiological response to inflammation and infection, which can negatively impact protein synthesis. Protein is essential for wound healing and tissue repair, and an infection can increase the body's protein requirements. Therefore, ensuring an adequate protein intake is particularly important for these patients. Choice A is correct because the statement and reason are both accurate and directly related to each other, supporting the increased protein needs in patients with periodontal disease. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between the statement and the reason provided in the question.
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When counseling a teenager about fast food, a dental hygienist could correctly cite which of the following facts, with one exception. Which is the exception?
- A. Most fast food menus lack a rich source of vitamin A
- B. Consumer demands have driven the establishment of salads and other healthy menu items
- C. Shortages of biotin, folate, pantothenic acid, and copper are reported in fast foods
- D. Studies reveal that protein is lacking in most menu items
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D'. Fast food is generally not deficient in protein since it often contains meat, a significant source of protein. On the other hand, fast food is known to lack essential nutrients like Vitamin A and certain minerals, as mentioned in choices 'A' and 'C'. Choice 'B' is also accurate as many fast food establishments have started offering healthier options such as salads due to customer demands. Therefore, all options are true except 'D', which makes it the exception.
For a patient with celiac disease, which dietary modification is necessary?
- A. Increase protein intake
- B. Avoid gluten
- C. Increase dairy intake
- D. Avoid lactose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid gluten. Patients with celiac disease have an immune reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals with celiac disease to avoid gluten-containing products. Increasing protein intake (Choice A) is not specifically necessary for celiac disease management. Increasing dairy intake (Choice C) is unrelated to the dietary requirements of individuals with celiac disease. Avoiding lactose (Choice D) is relevant for individuals with lactose intolerance, not celiac disease. Therefore, the only necessary modification for a patient with celiac disease is to avoid gluten.
How is the stomach protected from damage by gastric acid?
- A. enzymes present in the stomach
- B. a protective bacteria in the stomach
- C. bicarbonate present in the stomach
- D. the mucus lining of the stomach
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The stomach is protected from gastric acid by a thick mucus lining that acts as a physical barrier, preventing the acid from eroding the stomach walls. Enzymes in the stomach help with digestion but do not play a significant role in protecting the stomach from acid damage, so choice A is incorrect. While some bacteria in the stomach can be beneficial, they do not primarily protect the stomach from gastric acid, making choice B incorrect. Bicarbonate, a base, can neutralize acid, but it is not the primary defense mechanism against gastric acid in the stomach, so choice C is also incorrect.
What should be recommended to help prevent early childhood caries (ECC) in infants?
- A. Avoid giving the infant nighttime bottles
- B. Have the infant drink pasteurized skim milk
- C. Feed the infant iron-rich foods
- D. Give the infant fruit juice to drink
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Avoid giving the infant nighttime bottles' because prolonged exposure to sugars in milk during the night can lead to caries. Options 'B: Have the infant drink pasteurized skim milk' and 'D: Give the infant fruit juice to drink' are not recommended as they contain sugars that can cause cavities, especially in infants. Option 'C: Feed the infant iron-rich foods' is incorrect because while a balanced diet is important, iron-rich foods do not directly prevent caries development.
Which of the following statements is correct about MyPlate?
- A. Canned fruit can be considered part of the fruit group
- B. Soymilk is considered part of the dairy group
- C. Beans and peas are considered part of both the protein group and the vegetable group
- D. Cream cheese and butter are not part of the dairy group
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to the MyPlate guide, beans and peas are classified as part of both the protein and vegetable groups due to their high protein content and the nutrients they share with vegetables. This makes Choice C correct. Choice A is incorrect as canned fruit can be part of the fruit group if it's canned in water or 100% fruit juice. Soymilk is considered part of the dairy group, making Choice B incorrect. While cream cheese and butter are dairy products, they are not part of the dairy group on MyPlate because they contain little to no calcium, making Choice D incorrect.