ATI Immune System Quizlet

ATI Immune System Quizlet Related

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With respect to vaccination against a particular infectious disease 'herd immunity' refers to:

  • A. The total number of people who are immunized in a given population
  • B. The protection offered to non-immunized people when high rates of immunization prevent the pathogen from spreading
  • C. The percentage of people who generate a protective response to the vaccine
  • D. The tendency of people to choose to be vaccinated if close contacts (friends and family) have been vaccinated
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Herd immunity refers to the protection offered to non-immunized individuals when a high percentage of the population is immunized, preventing the pathogen from spreading easily. This is because when a large portion of the population is immune to a disease, it creates a barrier that reduces the overall transmission of the pathogen, thus protecting those who are not vaccinated or cannot be vaccinated.

Choice A is incorrect because herd immunity is not solely about the total number of immunized individuals, but rather about the impact on the entire population. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to the efficacy of the vaccine in generating a protective response, not the concept of herd immunity. Choice D is incorrect as it relates to social influence rather than the collective protection provided by high rates of immunization.

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A patient with advanced AIDS has a nursing diagnosis of impaired memory related to neurologic changes. In planning care for the patient, what should the nurse set as the highest priority?

  • A. Maintain a safe patient environment
  • B. Provide a quiet, nonstressful environment to avoid overstimulation
  • C. Use memory cues such as calendars and clocks to promote orientation
  • D. Provide written instructions of directions to promote understanding and orientation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Safety is paramount for cognitively impaired patients. Preventing falls and ensuring access to necessities takes precedence over other interventions.

What is the name of a tumor from the embryonal mesoderm tissue of origin located in the anatomic site of the meninges that has malignant behavior?

  • A. Meningitis
  • B. Meningioma
  • C. Meningocele
  • D. Meningeal sarcoma
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Meningeal sarcoma is a malignant tumor originating from the mesodermal tissue of the meninges.

The reason for naming the closed circulatory systems

  • A. Carries blood in opens vessels
  • B. Moves blood through the veins and arteries
  • C. Blood stays confined to vessels
  • D. Returns blood to the heart
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a closed circulatory system means that blood stays confined to vessels, providing efficient transport and preventing blood loss. Option A is incorrect because a closed system does not have open vessels. Option B is incorrect because veins and arteries are part of both closed and open circulatory systems. Option D is incorrect because returning blood to the heart is a function of both closed and open circulatory systems.

Which characteristic describes immunoglobulin E (select all that apply)?

  • A. Assists in parasitic infections
  • B. Responsible for allergic reactions
  • C. Present on the lymphocyte surface
  • D. Protects body surfaces and mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: IgE is involved in defense against parasites and is responsible for triggering allergic reactions by binding to mast cells and basophils.

Which type of cell produces antibodies?

  • A. Helper T cells
  • B. Plasma cells
  • C. Cytotoxic T cells
  • D. Regulatory T cells
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plasma cells. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies in response to antigens. They are essential in the immune response to help fight off infections and other diseases. Helper T cells (A) assist other immune cells but do not directly produce antibodies. Cytotoxic T cells (C) are responsible for killing infected cells, not producing antibodies. Regulatory T cells (D) help regulate the immune response but do not produce antibodies. In summary, only plasma cells are specifically designed to produce antibodies in the immune system.

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