Nokea
Within how many hours does tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) need to be given to be most successful for a client with an ischemic stroke?
- A. 6 hours
- B. 3 hours
- C. 8 hours
- D. 10 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TPA is most effective when administered within 3 hours of stroke onset.
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What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
- A. endocrine and exocrine nervous systems
- B. upper and lower nervous systems
- C. spinal and extremity nervous systems
- D. central and peripheral nervous systems
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all the nerves outside the CNS. This division is fundamental to understanding how the body processes and responds to information.
A husband visiting his wife in the hospital suddenly becomes confused and has difficulty with speech and starts slurring his words. The physician caring for his wife recognizes this as a cerebrovascular accident. What would you expect the physician to do?
- A. Administer TPA since this is within 3 hours of the CVS.
- B. Assess if the husband had an ischemic or hemorrhagic CVS.
- C. Tell the husband to go home, get rest, and to call the physician in the morning if the symptoms continue.
- D. Admit the husband and place him on bed rest.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It's critical to determine the type of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) before treatment.
The x-ray shows that the patient's fracture is at the remodeling stage. What characteristics of the fracture healing process are happening at this stage (select one that doesn't apply)?
- A. Radiologic union
- B. Absorption of excess cells
- C. Return to preinjury strength and shape
- D. Semisolid blood clot at the ends of fragments
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During the remodeling stage, radiologic union occurs, excess cells are absorbed, and the bone returns to its preinjury strength and shape.
What best describes the manifestations of OA?
- A. Smaller joints are typically affected first.
- B. There is joint stiffness after periods of inactivity.
- C. Joint stiffness is accompanied by fatigue, anorexia, and weight loss.
- D. Pain and immobility may be aggravated by falling barometric pressure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: OA stiffness occurs after inactivity.
The following are true about parathyroid hormone:
- A. it is an 84 amino acid peptide hormone
- B. it increases calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract
- C. it acts on a cell surface receptor that increases intracellular cyclic AMP
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an 84-amino acid peptide that increases calcium absorption from the gut, mobilizes calcium from bones, and reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys. It acts via a cell surface receptor that activates cyclic AMP signaling.