Nokea
Women infected with human papilloma virus (HPV) are at risk for which of the following?
- A. Uterine fibroids
- B. Cervical cancer
- C. Ovarian cysts
- D. Hemorrhagic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HPV infection is a significant risk factor for developing cervical cancer.
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Ovulation is initiated by
- A. rising levels of follicle stimulating hormone
- B. rising levels of progesterone
- C. a drop in oestrogen levels
- D. rising levels of luteinizing hormone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: rising levels of luteinizing hormone. Luteinizing hormone surge triggers ovulation by stimulating the release of the mature egg from the ovary. This surge is a crucial event in the menstrual cycle. A: Follicle stimulating hormone is involved in follicular development, not ovulation. B: Progesterone levels rise after ovulation, not before. C: Oestrogen levels actually rise before ovulation to trigger the LH surge, so a drop in oestrogen levels would not initiate ovulation.
Failure of the testes to descend into mitotic cell divisions occur as the the scrotum is a condition known as zygote travels down the uterine ________.
- A. phimosis
- B. the acrosomal reaction
- C. cryptorchidism
- D. cleavage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism is the condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. This leads to impaired spermatogenesis as the temperature in the abdominal cavity is too high for proper sperm production. Phimosis (A) is the narrowing of the opening of the foreskin, unrelated to testicular descent. The acrosomal reaction (B) is a process during fertilization, not related to testicular descent. Cleavage (D) refers to the rapid mitotic cell divisions of the zygote, not associated with testicular descent.
Parenchymal tissue of the testes is
- A. Interstitial cells of Leydig
- B. Seminiferous tubules
- C. Spermatozoon
- D. Semen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Seminiferous tubules. These are the structures within the testes where sperm production occurs. This is the main function of testicular parenchymal tissue. Interstitial cells of Leydig (A) produce testosterone, spermatozoon (C) is a mature sperm cell, and semen (D) is a fluid that contains sperm and other substances. These choices are incorrect as they do not specifically represent the parenchymal tissue of the testes where sperm production takes place.
Which of the following nursing interventions are advised for clients with prostate cancer to avoid an infection related to the home-care of a Foley catheter?
- A. Boil the leg bag regularly in a solution of hot water and vinegar for 15 minutes during the cleaning.
- B. Disinfect several inches of the catheter with alcohol or any other antiseptic agent before the insertion.
- C. Clean the leg bag by using soap and water and then rinse it with a 1:7 solution of vinegar and water.
- D. Open the connections between the leg bag and the catheter only once in 15 days to reduce the risks of microbial entry.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proper cleaning and maintenance of the catheter equipment are crucial to preventing infections.
A patient tells the nurse that he has been informed he has internal hemorrhoids and asks whether there are different types of hemorrhoids. What is the nurse’s most appropriate response?
- A. Internal hemorrhoids are usually seen outside the anus and appear blue.
- B. Sometimes patients have other diseases, such as anal warts, that may be mistaken for internal hemorrhoids.
- C. Internal hemorrhoids are found higher in the rectum and usually can’t be felt unless they are infected or prolapsed.
- D. Both internal and external hemorrhoids arise from the same general area and produce the same kinds of symptoms.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C is correct:
1. Internal hemorrhoids are located higher in the rectum, typically above the dentate line.
2. They are not usually palpable unless they are prolapsed or thrombosed.
3. This differentiates them from external hemorrhoids, which are located below the dentate line and are often palpable.
4. Choice C accurately describes the typical characteristics of internal hemorrhoids.
5. Choices A, B, and D provide inaccurate information regarding the location, appearance, and characteristics of internal hemorrhoids, making them incorrect.