Nokea
You are caring for a patient who has just been told that her stage IV colon cancer has recurred and metastasized to the liver. The oncologist offers the patient the option of surgery to treat the progression of this disease. What type of surgery does the oncologist offer?
- A. Palliative
- B. Reconstructive
- C. Salvage
- D. Prophylactic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stage IV colon cancer with liver mets is endgame surgery here's palliative, easing pain, obstruction, or bleeding, not curing. Reconstructive fixes form post-cure, irrelevant now. Salvage hits recurrence after lighter tries, not this late stage. Prophylactic's preemptive, not reactive. Palliative's about comfort, aligning with oncology's shift to quality of life when cure's off the table, a tough but real talk nurses navigate.
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Which of the following models calls for a political response to disability?
- A. Social
- B. Medical
- C. Activist
- D. Collaborative
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Social model demands political fixes disability's a society fail, not body flaw nurses see it push access, not just meds. Medical treats; activist's vague; collaborative teams up, no policy call. It's a chronic shift, environment over anatomy.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the vascular walls to endothelial injury. During the progression of these lesions, interaction occurs between various factors. Question: Which cells do NOT play a role in this process?
- A. Epithelial cells
- B. Lipoproteins
- C. Macrophages
- D. T-lymphocytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atherosclerosis macrophages, T-cells, lipoproteins clog, not epithelial outsiders. Nurses track this, a chronic vessel crew.
The nursing instructor explains the difference between normal cells and benign tumor cells. What information does the instructor provide about these cells?
- A. Benign tumors grow through invasion of other tissue.
- B. Benign tumors have lost their cellular regulation from contact inhibition.
- C. Growing in the wrong place or time is typical of benign tumors.
- D. The loss of characteristics of the parent cells is called anaplasia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Benign tumors are fundamentally different from malignant tumors in their behavior and characteristics. Unlike malignant tumors, which invade surrounding tissues, benign tumors do not grow through invasion but rather through hyperplasia, a controlled increase in cell number. They retain contact inhibition, a regulatory mechanism where normal cells stop dividing when they touch each other, preventing uncontrolled growth. The defining feature of benign tumors is that they consist of cells that are essentially normal but are growing in an inappropriate location or at an incorrect time, such as a lipoma in fatty tissue. Anaplasia, on the other hand, refers to the loss of differentiation and is a hallmark of malignant cancer cells, not benign ones. Thus, the instructor would emphasize that benign tumors are misplaced normal cells, making this the accurate statement. This distinction is critical for nursing students to understand, as it impacts diagnosis, treatment decisions, and patient education regarding the non-threatening nature of benign tumors compared to cancerous growths.
The challenges faced in insulin therapy includes the following EXCEPT:
- A. Needle phobia
- B. Competence - Diabetes numeracy
- C. Dexterity
- D. All burden
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin hurdles fear, math, shaky hands, life jolts; all burden' isn't a thing, just a mash-up. Nurses tackle these chronic snags, not vague catch-alls.
Which of the following is the most common assessment finding related to autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura?
- A. A reddish-purple fine petechial rash
- B. Confusion in the elderly
- C. Fever greater than 102.0 degrees F
- D. Extreme fatigue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) trashes platelets via antibodies petechiae, tiny reddish-purple spots, bloom from capillary bleeds, the most frequent sign. Confusion, fever, or fatigue might tag along in severe cases or infection, but petechiae's visibility and link to low platelets (below 100,000) make it dominant. Nurses spot this rash, tying it to ITP's core, guiding steroids or IVIG to halt this autoimmune bleed risk.