Nokea
You are caring for a patient who takes several drugs. You know that those patients most likely to have adverse drug reactions are who?
- A. Patients with coronary artery disease
- B. Non-compliant patients
- C. Patients who are on the recommended dose
- D. Very young and very old patients
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Very young and old patients have immature or declining organ function, increasing adverse reaction risk.
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A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a female client who has Bipolar disorder and a new prescription for Carbamazepine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. This medication can safely be taken during pregnancy.
- B. Eliminate grapefruit juice from your diet.
- C. You will need to have a complete blood count and carbamazepine levels drawn periodically.
- D. You'll your provider if you develop a rash.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Grapefruit juice interacts, blood counts monitor toxicity, rash signals reaction, and driving caution addresses sedation.
A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computed tomography (CT) scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14-month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?
- A. Pharmacoeconomics
- B. Pharmacotherapeutics
- C. Pharmacodynamics
- D. Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The oncology nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body.
Where are large fenestrations or slit junctions located?
- A. Bone
- B. Brain
- C. Skin
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The liver has large fenestrations in sinusoidal endothelium, allowing easy drug passage, unlike the brain (tight junctions) or bone/skin (less permeable).
Under the influence of thyroxin, cholesterol level in the blood:
- A. Increase
- B. Decrease
- C. Does not change
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thyroxine lowers cholesterol by increasing its metabolism and excretion.
The following drugs are correctly paired with a clinical use EXCEPT:
- A. Danazol to treat endometriosis
- B. Flutamide to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
- C. Finasteride to treat male pattern baldness
- D. Clomiphene to treat anovulatory infertility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flutamide treats prostate cancer, not BPH; finasteride is used for BPH.