Nokea
You are caring for a patient who takes several drugs. You know that those patients most likely to have adverse drug reactions are who?
- A. Patients with coronary artery disease
- B. Non-compliant patients
- C. Patients who are on the recommended dose
- D. Very young and very old patients
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Very young and old patients have immature or declining organ function, increasing adverse reaction risk.
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Jacob has hypertension, for which a calcium channel blocker has been prescribed. This drug helps control blood pressure because it:
- A. Decreases the amount of calcium inside the cell
- B. Reduces stroke volume
- C. Increases the activity of the Na+/K+/ATPase pump indirectly
- D. Decreases heart rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium channel blockers reduce intracellular calcium, relaxing vascular smooth muscle.
Which of the following avoids first pass effect of drugs
- A. Oral ingestion
- B. Rectal Suppository
- C. Intra venous injection
- D. Intra-arterial injection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intra-arterial injection bypasses the liver, avoiding first-pass metabolism.
Mary has a two-tiered prescription benefit plan, which means:
- A. She can receive differing levels of care based on whether she chooses an 'in-plan' provider or not.
- B. She is eligible for the new Medicare Part D 'donut hole' reduction of costs program.
- C. She pays a higher copay for brand-name drugs than for generic drugs.
- D. She must always choose to be treated with generic drugs first.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A two-tiered plan typically involves higher copays for brand-name drugs.
Patients with pernicious anemia require treatment with:
- A. Iron
- B. Folic acid
- C. Epogen alpha
- D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pernicious anemia requires vitamin B12 due to absorption deficiency; folate masks it without correcting neuropathy.
A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computed tomography (CT) scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14-month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?
- A. Pharmacoeconomics
- B. Pharmacotherapeutics
- C. Pharmacodynamics
- D. Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The oncology nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body.