Nokea
You are caring for a patient with the Zika virus. The nurse understands the Zika virus is caused by which of the following?
- A. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
- B. Blackbirds
- C. Ticks
- D. Ringworm
- E. Flu
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Zika virus is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
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Match the following pathogens with their descriptions: Fungi
- A. One-celled microorganisms classified by their shapes
- B. May be made up of one or more cells; enter the human body through cuts or cracks in the skin
- C. Rod-shaped bacteria that appear in chains
- D. Type of bacteria often spread through vectors
- E. Tiny parasites that live within cells of hosts and reproduce there
- F. Parasitic worms that can inhabit the digestive tract of humans
- G. Single-celled animals that live in water and cause intestinal illnesses when ingested
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fungi, which can be unicellular or multicellular, often enter through skin breaks, causing infections like athlete's foot or candidiasis.
Match the following pathogens with their descriptions: Helminths
- A. One-celled microorganisms classified by their shapes
- B. May be made up of one or more cells; enter the human body through cuts or cracks in the skin
- C. Rod-shaped bacteria that appear in chains
- D. Type of bacteria often spread through vectors
- E. Tiny parasites that live within cells of hosts and reproduce there
- F. Parasitic worms that can inhabit the digestive tract of humans
- G. Single-celled animals that live in water and cause intestinal illnesses when ingested
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: Helminths are parasitic worms, such as tapeworms or roundworms, that often inhabit the human digestive tract.
Types of bacteria include
- A. Helminths and fungi.
- B. Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla.
- C. Rickettsia.
- D. Vectors and protozoa.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bacteria are classified by shape, including cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral). Rickettsia is a specific genus of bacteria, not a shape category. Helminths, fungi, vectors, and protozoa are not bacteria.
Streptococcus type A can cause which of the following illnesses?
- A. Strep throat
- B. Ear infection
- C. Scarlet fever
- D. Gas gangrene
- E. Severe diarrhea
- F. Bloody diarrhea
- G. Heart valve damage
Correct Answer: A,C,G
Rationale: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) causes strep throat, scarlet fever, and can lead to complications like rheumatic fever, which damages heart valves. Ear infections, gas gangrene, and diarrhea are caused by other pathogens.
How can you ensure that you are washing your hands for the correct amount of time?
- A. Count to 20 in your head, saying 'one thousand' between each number.
- B. Watch the clock or your watch the entire time you wash your hands.
- C. Tap your foot 20 times while you wash your hands.
- D. Sing 'Happy Birthday' twice in your head while you wash your hands.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Singing 'Happy Birthday' twice takes approximately 20 seconds, the recommended duration for effective hand washing.