Nokea
You are delegating the task of monitoring the output of an elderly male patient at risk for oliguria. He has an indwelling catheter in place. Which is the most appropriate direction for you to give to an unlicensed assistant?
- A. Tell me if his urine output decreases.
- B. Keep an eye on his output for me.
- C. Check his output halfway through the shift and let me know the total.
- D. Check his output after 2 hours. If it is not above 60 mL, let me know immediately.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Specific instructions to check output every 2 hours and report if it falls below 60 mL ensure timely detection of oliguria, which requires immediate attention.
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Your patient has stress incontinence. Which of the following statements represent recommended treatment for this problem?
- A. Suggest the patient wear incontinence pads in a comfortable style with adequate absorbency.
- B. Tell the patient that there are medications available to help with stress incontinence and that the doctor will discuss them with her.
- C. Tell the patient to avoid abdominal exercises, which can cause stress incontinence.
- D. Tell the patient about Kegel exercises.
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Incontinence pads manage symptoms, and Kegel exercises strengthen pelvic floor muscles to treat stress incontinence.
An indwelling catheter has a balloon that keeps the catheter in place.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An indwelling catheter, such as a Foley, has a balloon inflated with sterile water to secure it in the bladder.
Your patient has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 45 mL/min over a 3-month period. What does this tell you about her kidney function?
- A. She has chronic kidney disease.
- B. She is in renal failure.
- C. She has a kidney infection.
- D. Nothing; only BUN and creatinine levels can give information about kidney function.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A GFR of 45 mL/min over 3 months indicates chronic kidney disease (stage 3), as it reflects persistently reduced kidney function.
also known as overactive bladder, is the inability to keep urine in the bladder long enough to get to the restroom.
- A. Urge incontinence
- B. Stress incontinence
- C. Overflow incontinence
- D. Functional incontinence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urge incontinence is characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by involuntary loss of urine, often due to an overactive bladder.
Urinary sepsis is a potential complication of any UTI because
- A. A continuous membrane lines all the structures of the urinary system.
- B. Bacteria from outside the urinary meatus can spread through the urethra to the bladder, then the ureters, and into the kidneys.
- C. Once a UTI occurs, the immune system is compromised and can no longer fight bacteria entering the blood.
- D. The total volume of a person's blood flows through the kidneys each day to be filtered, and this could allow bacteria to spread to the blood.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Bacteria can ascend from the urethra to the kidneys, and the kidneys' filtration of blood allows bacteria to enter the bloodstream, leading to sepsis.