Nokea
You are discussing the risk of radiotherapy with the parents of a child with medulloblastoma; the mother has a concern about the late neurological complications post radiotherapy. The statement that should be included in the discussion that late neurological sequelae post radiotherapy is more severe with
- A. focal radiotherapy rather than craniospinal irradiation
- B. children with an age of less than 3 year
- C. concomitant chemo-radiotherapy
- D. low grade tumors rather than high grade tumors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Younger children (<3 years) are more susceptible to long-term neurotoxic effects of radiotherapy.
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The nurse is guiding parents in selecting a daycare facility for their infant. Which is especially important to consider when making the selection?
- A. Health practices of facility
- B. Structured learning environment
- C. Socioeconomic status of children
- D. Cultural similarities of children
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When selecting a daycare facility for an infant, it is crucial to consider the health practices of the facility. The health and safety of the infant are of utmost importance, as they are more susceptible to illnesses and infections. Ensuring that the daycare facility follows proper hygiene practices, has clean and sanitized environments, implements illness policies, and promotes healthy habits is essential in protecting the infant's well-being. Additionally, the presence of trained staff who can handle medical emergencies and provide proper care in case of illness is also a key factor to consider. By prioritizing the health practices of the facility, parents can help create a safe and nurturing environment for their infant while they are in daycare.
The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old healthy infant who weighed 7 pounds at birth. The nurse should expect the infant to now weigh approximately how many pounds?
- A. 10
- B. 15
- C. 20
- D. 25
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants typically double their birth weight by around 6 months of age. Since the infant weighed 7 pounds at birth, it is reasonable to expect the infant to weigh approximately 14 pounds at the age of 6 months. Therefore, the closest option among the choices provided is 20 pounds.
In Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), all the following manifestations are at high risk of mortality in patients EXCEPT
- A. liver
- B. spleen
- C. lung
- D. hematopoietic system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lung involvement, while serious, is less lethal compared to liver, spleen, or hematopoietic system involvement.
The nurse understands that a patient with BP readings 164/102 and 176/100 on two separate occasions would be classified in which hypertension category?
- A. Prehypertension
- B. Stage 2
- C. Stage 1
- D. Posthypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to the guidelines by the American Heart Association (AHA), the patient's blood pressure readings of 164/102 and 176/100 on two separate occasions fall in the Stage 2 hypertension category. Stage 2 hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. The readings provided are significantly above these thresholds, indicating severe hypertension that requires prompt medical attention and management to reduce the risk of complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor and intervene in cases of Stage 2 hypertension to prevent further health complications.
If a patient has elevated pulmonary vascular pressures, the nurse understands that the patient is most likely to develop which of the ff. physiological cardiac changes?
- A. Left atrial atrophy
- B. Left ventricular hypertrophy
- C. Right atrial atrophy
- D. Right ventricular hypertrophy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevated pulmonary vascular pressures can lead to pulmonary hypertension, which causes increased pressure in the right side of the heart. The right ventricle has to work harder to pump blood against the increased resistance in the pulmonary circulation. Over time, this can result in the development of right ventricular hypertrophy as the muscle of the right ventricle thickens in response to the increased workload. This is a compensatory mechanism to try to maintain cardiac output despite the increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. Left atrial atrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy, and right atrial atrophy are not typically associated with elevated pulmonary vascular pressures.