Nokea
You are evaluating and assessing a client diagnosed with chronic emphysema. The client is on oxygen at a flow rate of 5 L/min by nasal cannula. Which finding concerns you immediately?
- A. The client has fine bibasilar crackles.
- B. The client's respiratory rate is 8 breaths/minute.
- C. The client sits up and leans over the nightstand.
- D. The client has a large barrel chest.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. A respiratory rate of 8 breaths/minute is abnormally low and indicates potential hypoventilation or respiratory depression, which is concerning in a client with chronic emphysema. Fine crackles (A) and barrel chest (D) are common findings but not immediately alarming. Sitting up and leaning forward (C) is a compensatory mechanism for easier breathing.
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All of the following shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right EXCEPT
- A. Decreased pH
- B. Increased temperature
- C. Carbon monoxide
- D. Increased 2.3 DPG
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin with a higher affinity than oxygen, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the left, not the right. Decreased pH, increased temperature, and increased 2,3 DPG all shift the curve to the right by decreasing hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. This results in easier unloading of oxygen to tissues.
Which teaching point is most important for the client with a peritonsillar abscess?
- A. Gargle with warm salt water.
- B. Take all antibiotics as directed.
- C. Let us know if you want liquid medications.
- D. Wash hands frequently.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Take all antibiotics as directed. This is the most important teaching point for a client with a peritonsillar abscess because antibiotics are crucial in treating the infection and preventing complications. Here's the rationale:
1. Antibiotics target the bacteria causing the abscess, helping to clear the infection.
2. Incomplete antibiotic course can lead to antibiotic resistance and recurrence of infection.
3. Not following antibiotic instructions can result in treatment failure and worsening of the abscess.
4. Gargling with warm salt water (choice A) may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying infection. Liquid medications (choice C) and handwashing (choice D) are important but not as vital as completing the antibiotic course.
Volume of air left after maximum forceful expiration in human lung is
- A. Total lung capacity
- B. Residual volume
- C. Vital capacity
- D. Tidal volume
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Residual volume. After maximum forceful expiration, residual volume is the volume of air left in the lungs to prevent lung collapse. Total lung capacity (A) is the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold. Vital capacity (C) is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. Tidal volume (D) is the volume of air moved in and out of the lungs during normal breathing, not after a forceful expiration.
Which statement made by a client with coronary artery disease after the nurse has completed teaching about the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet indicates that further teaching is needed?
- A. I enjoy eating 1/4 cup of walnuts every day.
- B. I will switch from whole milk to skim milk.
- C. I can have a glass of wine with dinner every night.
- D. I like red meat and I will plan to eat it more often.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because red meat is high in saturated fat which can worsen coronary artery disease. Eating it more often contradicts the TLC diet's aim to reduce saturated fat intake. Choice A is correct as walnuts are heart-healthy. Choice B is correct as switching to skim milk reduces saturated fat. Choice C is incorrect as alcohol should be consumed in moderation, not daily.
Type 2 alveolar cells are also called as___
- A. septal cells
- B. petal cells
- C. Surfactant
- D. respiratorycell
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: septal cells. Type 2 alveolar cells are also known as septal cells because they are located in the alveolar septa. These cells are responsible for producing and secreting surfactant, a substance that helps reduce surface tension in the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing. Choice B, petal cells, is incorrect because there is no such term used to describe these cells. Choice C, Surfactant, is incorrect because surfactant is the substance produced by type 2 alveolar cells, not the name of the cells themselves. Choice D, respiratory cell, is incorrect because it is a vague term that does not specifically refer to type 2 alveolar cells.