Nokea
You are meeting with parents of a 10-year-old child who recently develops acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Which of the following is LEAST likely to increase the risk of CNS relapse in children with ALL?
- A. first traumatic lumbar puncture (LP)
- B. T-cell leukemia
- C. cranial nerve involvement at the time of diagnosis
- D. presence of lymphoblast in the CSF at any time during treatment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A first traumatic lumbar puncture is less likely to increase the risk of CNS relapse compared to other factors like T-cell leukemia or cranial nerve involvement.
You may also like to solve these questions
For most children with enuresis, the only test recommended is
- A. blood sugar
- B. serum electrolytes
- C. urinalysis
- D. abdominal sonography
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urinalysis is the standard initial test for evaluating enuresis to rule out urinary tract infections or other conditions.
Childhood primary brain stem tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors; the outcome usually depends on the tumor location. Which tumor, depending on the site of tumor, carries the worst prognosis?
- A. focal dorsally exophytic
- B. cervicomedullary diffuse intrinsic
- C. none of the above
- D. diffuse intrinsic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) have the worst prognosis among brainstem tumors.
Of the following, the WORST prognostic factor in pediatric osteosarcoma is
- A. primary pelvic bone tumor
- B. poor histologic response to treatment
- C. bony metastases at the time of diagnosis
- D. lung metastases at the time of diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Poor histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a strong predictor of poor prognosis.
a woman who is pregnant is undergoing an amniocentesis. during the test, elevated levels of AFP are found. this indicate to which of the following conditions :
- A. CP
- B. spina bifida
- C. down syndrome
- D. hydrocephalus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated levels of AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) in the amniotic fluid during an amniocentesis often indicate neural tube defects, such as spina bifida. Spina bifida is a condition where the spinal cord does not develop properly, leading to a range of possible issues depending on the severity of the defect. In this case, the elevated AFP levels point towards a higher likelihood of spina bifida rather than other conditions like CP (cerebral palsy), Down syndrome, or hydrocephalus.
A client with uterine cancer asks the nurse, "Which is the most common type of cancer in women?" The nurse replies that it's breast cancer. Which type of cancer causes the most deaths in women?
- A. Breast cancer
- B. Lung cancer
- C. Brain cancer
- D. Colon and rectal cancer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lung cancer causes the most deaths in women. Despite breast cancer being the most common type of cancer in women, lung cancer is responsible for the highest number of deaths among women due to factors such as smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, and other environmental factors. It is crucial for women to be aware of the risks associated with lung cancer, even if they are non-smokers, and to take steps to reduce their risk factors through lifestyle changes and early detection methods.