Nokea
You assist your patient with using their inhaler. The inhaler contains the medication Budesonide. Before administering the inhaler, you will want to connect what device to the inhaler to help decrease the patient from developing?
- A. Peak flow meter; pneumonia
- B. Incentive spirometer; thrush
- C. Spacer; thrush
- D. Peak flow meter; mouth sores
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A spacer helps deliver Budesonide, an inhaled corticosteroid, more effectively to the lungs, reducing the risk of oral thrush by minimizing medication deposition in the mouth.
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A patient was admitted to the intensive care unit 48 hours ago for treatment of a gunshot wound. The patient has recently developed a productive cough and a fever of 104.3 ' $F$. The patient is breathing on their own and doesn't require mechanical ventilation. On assessment, you note coarse crackles in the right lower lobe. A chest x-ray shows infiltrates with consolidation in the right lower lobe. Based on this specific patient scenario, this is known as what type of pneumonia?
- A. Aspiration pneumonia
- B. Ventilator acquired pneumonia
- C. Hospital-acquired pneumonia
- D. Community-acquired pneumonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) develops 48 hours or more after hospital admission, as seen in this patient. Aspiration pneumonia is linked to inhaling foreign material, ventilator-acquired pneumonia requires mechanical ventilation, and community-acquired pneumonia occurs outside healthcare settings.
A patient is prescribed Warfarin (Coumadin) for the treatment of a blood clot. What is the therapeutic INR range for this medication?
- A. 2--3
- B. 3--1
- C. 8--4
- D. 0.5-2.5
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The therapeutic INR range is 2-3. It may be slightly higher if a patient is at a high risk for clot formation (ex: up to 4.5)
Which statement made by the client diagnosed with chronic bronchitis indicates to the nurse more teaching is required?
- A. I should contact my health-care provider if my sputum changes color or amount.
- B. I will take my bronchodilator regularly to prevent having bronchospasms.
- C. This metered-dose inhaler gives a precise amount of medication with each dose.
- D. I need to return to the HCP to have my blood drawn with my annual physical.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood draws (D) are not routine for bronchitis, indicating misunderstanding. Sputum changes (A), bronchodilator use (B), and inhaler accuracy (C) reflect correct understanding.
Your patient is diagnosed with a latent tuberculosis infection. Select all the correct statements that reflect this condition:
- A. The patient will not need treatment unless it progresses to an active tuberculosis infection.
- B. The patient is not contagious and will have no signs and symptoms.
- C. The patient will have a positive tuberculin skin test or IGRA test.
- D. The patient will have an abnormal chest x-ray.
- E. The patient's sputum will test positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Latent TB infection is characterized by no symptoms, no contagiousness , and a positive tuberculin skin test or IGRA . Treatment is often recommended to prevent progression (not A). Chest X-rays are typically normal (not D), and sputum tests are negative (not E).
The client is three (3) days post-partial laryngectomy. Which type of nutrition should the nurse offer the client?
- A. Total parenteral nutrition.
- B. Soft, regular diet.
- C. Partial parenteral nutrition.
- D. Clear liquid diet.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clear liquids (D) are safest 3 days post-laryngectomy to prevent aspiration. TPN (A), soft diet (B), and partial PN (C) are premature or unnecessary.