Nokea
You should be aware that the oxygen demands of the patients body would change in which direction and why?
- A. Increase due to an increase in metabolism
- B. Decrease due to a decrease in metabolism
- C. Increase due to a decrease in metabolism
- D. Decrease due to an increase in metabolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a persons temperature is elevated, hypermetabolism occurs, and the respiratory rate, heart rate, and basal metabolic rate increase. The other options are incorrect because oxygen demands would not decrease and they would not increase due to a decrease in metabolism.
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What principle of stress and adaptation should be integrated into the nurses plan of care for this patient?
- A. Adaptation often fails during stressful events and results in homeostasis.
- B. Stress is a part of all lives, and, eventually, this young woman will adapt.
- C. Acute anxiety and depression can be adaptations that alleviate stress in some individuals.
- D. An accumulation of stressors can disrupt homeostasis and result in disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Four conceptsâ??constancy, homeostasis, stress, and adaptationâ??are key to the understanding of steady state. Homeostasis is maintained through emotional, neurologic, and hormonal measures; stressors create pressure for adaptation. Sometimes too many stressors disrupt homeostasis, and, if adaptation fails, the result is disease. If a person is overwhelmed by stress, he or she may never adapt. Acute anxiety and depression are frequently associated with stress.
What does the nurse know about the probable cause of this patients hypertension?
- A. Prolonged or unrelenting suffering can cause physical illness.
- B. Physical illness is always caused by prolonged stress.
- C. The elderly are at increased risk for hypertension due to stress.
- D. Stress always exacerbates the physiologic processes of the elderly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a person endures prolonged or unrelenting suffering, the outcome is frequently the development of a stress-related illness. Physical illness is not always caused by prolonged stress. The elderly population is not the only population at increased risk for hypertension due to stress. Stress does not always exacerbate the physiologic processes of the elderly. This is an absolute statement, and true absolutes are rare.
When planning this patients care, which of the following statements regarding acute inflammation should you recognize?
- A. Inflammation is essentially synonymous with infection.
- B. Inflammation may impair the healing process.
- C. Inflammation is a defensive reaction intended to remove an offending agent.
- D. Inflammation inhibits the release of histamines in the tissues.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inflammation is a defensive reaction intended to remove an offending agent and prepare the site for repair. Inflammation is not the same as infection, it does not impair the healing process, and it does not inhibit the release of histamines in the tissues.
Which of the patients actions best demonstrates adaptively coping?
- A. Becoming controlling
- B. Reprioritizing needs and roles
- C. Using benzodiazepines as ordered
- D. Withdrawing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adaptive ways of coping included seeking information, reprioritizing needs and roles, lowering expectations, making compromises, comparing oneself to others, planning activities to conserve energy, taking things one step at a time, listening to ones body, and using self-talk for encouragement. Becoming controlling or withdrawing are not ways to cope adaptively. Benzodiazepines are sometimes indicated, but these are not considered to be an adaptive coping behavior.
Which factor would the nurse identify as most important in determining health status?
- A. Gender
- B. Ethnicity
- C. Social class
- D. Interfamilial relationships
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The single most important factor for determining health status is social class and, within a social class, the research suggests that the major factor influencing health is level of education. This factor supersedes the importance of ethnicity, gender, or interfamilial relationships.