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Your pediatric client weighs 48 pounds. How many mg of a medication would you administer to this client with each dose when the doctor has ordered 5 mg/kg/day in two equally divided doses?
- A. 45 mg
- B. 60 mg
- C. 52 mg
- D. 55 mg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 48 lbs = 21.8 kg; 5 mg/kg x 21.8 kg = 109 mg/day; 109 / 2 = 54.5 mg, closest to 52 mg (C).
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Which federal law is most closely associated with the highly restrictive “need to know�
- A. The Patient Self Determination Act
- B. The Mental Health Parity Act
- C. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- D. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HIPAA enforces strict 'need to know' provisions for medical information.
Which class of medications increases the availability of serotonin by blocking the reuptake of serotonin at the presynaptic membrane?
- A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- B. Polyuria
- C. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- D. Lithium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin at the presynaptic membrane, leading to increased availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. This helps alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Choice B, Polyuria, is a symptom related to excessive urination and is not a class of medication. Choice C, Carbamazepine, is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer that works by different mechanisms, not by increasing serotonin availability. Choice D, Lithium, is also a mood stabilizer primarily used in bipolar disorder and does not directly increase serotonin levels.
Grasping the pencil represents a child's
- A. Gross motor skills
- B. Fine motor skills
- C. Large motor skills
- D. None of these
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Grasping a pencil requires fine motor precision.
A widow grieving her husbands sudden death tells the nurse, Im not feeling well. Yesterday, I saw my husband walk through the door, stop, and smile at me. Then he just faded away. Which is the nurses most appropriate action?
- A. Assess for recent substance abuse.
- B. Suggest a referral to the mental health clinic.
- C. Arrange for an evaluation for antidepressant medication.
- D. Counsel the widow that visualizations are a normal part of grieving.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Grieving patients often dream about, visualize, think about, or search for the lost loved one. The patient should be told that this is considered a normal phenomenon and not a sign of mental illness. Visualization does not suggest substance abuse or mental illness in this case.
Identify and define the five stages of change addressed in motivational interviewing.
- A. Precontemplation: denial of problem; goal is to create awareness of the problem
- B. Contemplation: recognizing the need to change; goal is to increase motivation
- C. Determination: planning and committing to action
- D. Action: applying the change in real situations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Precontemplation: denial of problem; goal is to create awareness of the problem. In motivational interviewing, the first stage is Precontemplation, where the individual is unaware or in denial of the problem. The goal is to help them recognize the issue and increase awareness.
Choice B (Contemplation) is incorrect because it comes after Precontemplation and involves recognizing the need to change, not denial. Choice C (Determination) is incorrect as it follows Contemplation and involves planning and committing to action. Choice D (Action) is incorrect as it is the stage where the individual applies the change, which comes after Determination.