Nokea
You're educating a patient with pneumonia how to deep breathe by using an incentive spirometer. Which of the following is the correct way to use this device?
- A. Encourage the patient to use it twice a day.
- B. The patient exhales into the device rapidly and then coughs.
- C. The patient inhales slowly from the device until no longer able, and then holds breath for 6 seconds and exhales.
- D. The patient rapidly inhales 10 times from the device and then exhales for 6 seconds.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct incentive spirometer use involves slow, deep inhalation to maximize lung expansion, holding the breath for 6 seconds to keep alveoli open, and then exhaling . Other options describe incorrect techniques that don't promote effective lung expansion.
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Which statement below is incorrect about a deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
- A. Veins that are most susceptible to a deep vein thrombosis are the peroneal, posterior tibial, popliteal and superficial femoral.
- B. DVTs tend to mostly occur in the lower extremities but can occur in the upper extremities too.
- C. A deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremity has a low probability of becoming a pulmonary embolism.
- D. A DVT is a type of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which is a blood clot that starts in the vein.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This option is INCORRECT. All the other statements are true about a DVT. Option C is wrong because it should say: 'A deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremity has a HIGH (not low) probability of becoming a pulmonary embolism.'
The nursing staff on an oncology unit is interviewing applicants for the unit manager position. Which type of organizational structure does this represent?
- A. Centralized decision making.
- B. Decentralized decision making.
- C. Shared governance.
- D. Pyramid with filtered-down decisions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Staff interviewing for a manager (C) reflects shared governance, empowering nurses in decisions. Centralized (A), decentralized (B), and pyramid (D) involve top-down structures.
You note your patient's sweat and urine is orange. You reassure the patient and educate him that which medication below is causing this finding?
- A. Ethambutol
- B. Streptomycin
- C. Isoniazid
- D. Rifampin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This medication will cause body fluids to turn orange.
Which clinical manifestation indicates to the nurse the child has cystic fibrosis?
- A. Wheezing with a productive cough.
- B. Excessive salty sweat secretions.
- C. Multiple vitamin deficiencies.
- D. Clubbing of all fingers.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excessive salty sweat (B) is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis due to defective chloride transport, detectable via sweat chloride testing. Wheezing/cough (A) is non-specific. Vitamin deficiencies (C) and clubbing (D) occur later but are not diagnostic.
The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted with histoplasmosis. What drug is most likely to be prescribed for this client?
- A. Penicillin
- B. Chloromycetin
- C. Streptomycin
- D. Amphotericin B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Amphotericin B is the primary antifungal drug used to treat histoplasmosis.