Nokea
Zero order kinetics are seen in all except
- A. Salicylate
- B. Atenolol
- C. Barbiturates
- D. Ethanol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Barbiturates typically follow first-order kinetics; others exhibit zero-order at high doses.
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Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence of systemic toxicity from this medication?
- A. Tinnitus
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Constipation
- D. Decreased respirations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) can result. Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constipation and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
In the presence of naloxone, a higher concentration of morphine is required to elicit full pain relief. Naloxone by it self has no effect. Which of the following is correct regarding these medications?
- A. Naloxone is a competitive antagonist
- B. Morphine is a full agonist, and naloxone is a partial agonist
- C. Morphine is less efficacious than is naloxone
- D. Morphine is less potent than is naloxone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Naloxone shifts morphine's dose-response curve rightward (increased EC50), typical of competitive antagonism, with no intrinsic effect.
Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed):
- A. Are Schedule III drugs in all states
- B. Should not be prescribed or recommended for children under 4 years of age
- C. Are effective in treating the congestion children experience with the common cold
- D. May cause drowsiness in patients of all ages
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pseudoephedrine is unsafe for children under 4 due to serious side effects; it's not Schedule III , variably effective in kids , or typically sedating .
Treatment goals in prescribing should:
- A. Always be curative
- B. Be patient-centered
- C. Be convenient for the provider
- D. Focus on the cost of therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patient-centered goals prioritize individual needs and outcomes, not just cure , provider convenience , or cost alone .
Several classes of drugs have interactions with cholinergic blockers. Which of the following is true about these interactions?
- A. Drugs with a narrow therapeutic range given orally may not stay in the GI tract long enough to produce an action.
- B. Additive antimuscarinic effects may occur with antihistamines.
- C. Cholinergic blockers may decrease the sedative effects of hypnotics.
- D. Cholinergic blockers are contraindicated with antipsychotics.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Additive antimuscarinic effects with antihistamines can enhance side effects like sedation.