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When taking a medication history on a patient why should the nurse ask about the use of complementary or alternative therapies?
- A. Patients starting on new drugs are usually not compliant with medical regimens.
- B. Many drug-alternative therapy interactions can cause serious problems.
- C. Natural products may be more effective and the prescribed drug may not be needed.
- D. The cost of the drug and the alternative therapy may be too expensive for the patient to hand
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Complementary therapies can interact with prescribed drugs, posing risks that the nurse must identify.
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An important concept taught by the nurse when providing medication teaching is the need to provide a complete list of medications taken to health care providers to avoid what?
- A. Spending large amounts of money on medications
- B. Allergic reactions to medications
- C. Drug-drug interactions
- D. Critical concentrations of medications in the body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is important that all health care providers have a complete list of the patients medications to avoid drug-drug interactions caused by one provider ordering a medication, unaware of another medication the patient is taking that could interact with the new prescription. Using the same pharmacist for all prescriptions will also help to prevent this from happening. Informing the provider of all medications taken will not reduce costs of medications, which is best accomplished by requesting generic medications. Allergies should be disclosed to all health care providers as well, but this is not why it is important to provide a complete list of medications taken. Critical concentrations are desirable because that is the amount of drug needed to cause a therapeutic effect, or, in other words, to have the effect the drug is prescribed for.
You are managing the care of a patient recently diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). He is taking tamsulosin but reports dizziness when standing abruptly. The best option for this patient is:
- A. Continue the tamsulosin because the side effect will resolve with continued treatment.
- B. Discontinue the tamsulosin and start doxazosin.
- C. Have him double his fluid intake and stand more slowly.
- D. Prescribe meclizine as needed for the dizziness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension from tamsulosin is managed by rising slowly and ensuring hydration.
A pharmaceutical lab states that a drug causes negative side effects in 3 of every 100 patients. To confirm this affirmation, another laboratory chooses 5 people at random who have consumed the drug. What is the average number of patients that the laboratory should expect to experience side effects if they choose 100 patients at random?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The expected value (mean) of a binomial distribution is n * p. Here, n=100 and p=0.03, so U = 100 * 0.03 = 3, as calculated in the document.
What concept is considered when generic drugs are substituted for brand name drugs?
- A. Bioavailability
- B. Critical concentration
- C. Distribution
- D. Half-life
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bioavailability is the portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells. Binders used in a generic drug may not be the same as those used in the brand name drug. Therefore, the way the body breaks down and uses the drug may differ, which may eliminate a generic drug substitution. Critical concentration is the amount of a drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect and should not differ between generic and brand name medications. Distribution is the phase of pharmacokinetics, which involves the movement of a drug to the body's tissues and is the same in generic and brand name drugs. A drug's half-life is the time it takes for the amount of drug to decrease to half the peak level, which should not change when substituting a generic medication.
Pick the true statement:
- A. Amox- Clavulanic, Clavulanic increases amox activity
- B. Sublactum is used in treatment of Leprosy
- C. Aztreonam is a metabolite of clarithromycin
- D. Cilastatin imipenam- cilastatin prevents hydrolysis of imipenam
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sulbactam is used in leprosy treatment; other statements are incorrect (e.g., clavulanic enhances amoxicillin, cilastatin protects imipenem).