Nokea
Which of the following is synthetic mineralocorticoids:
- A. Testosterone
- B. Estradiol
- C. Fludrocortisone
- D. Hydrocortisone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fludrocortisone is a synthetic mineralocorticoid used to mimic aldosterone's effects on sodium retention.
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Which of the following anti inflammatory drugs is ineffective in gout?
- A. Piroxicam
- B. Tolmetin
- C. Aspirin
- D. Celecoxib
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aspirin increases uric acid levels, worsening gout.
A genetic variation in how the metabolite of the cancer drug irinotecan SN-38 is inactivated by the body may lead to:
- A. Decreased effectiveness of irinotecan in the treatment of cancer
- B. Increased adverse drug reactions, such as neutropenia
- C. Delayed metabolism of the prodrug irinotecan into the active metabolite SN-38
- D. Increased concerns for irinotecan being carcinogenic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: UGT1A1 mutations slow SN-38 inactivation, raising neutropenia risk , not affecting efficacy or activation .
A patient on furosemide is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, increases potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia as a common electrolyte imbalance.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for Phenelzine for the treatment of depression. Which of the following indicates that the client has developed an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Orthostatic hypotension
- B. Hearing loss
- C. Gastrointestinal bleeding
- D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenelzine, an MAOI, commonly causes orthostatic hypotension due to its effect on blood pressure regulation.
A nurse working for a drug company is involved in phase III drug evaluation studies. Which of the following might the nurse be responsible for during this stage of drug development?
- A. Working with animals who are given experimental drugs
- B. Monitoring drug effects in patients who are selected to participate in a study, who have the disease that the drug is meant to treat
- C. Collecting records of symptoms that participants experience while taking a drug and determining whether they are caused by the disease or the drug
- D. Informing healthy, young volunteer participants of possible risks that could occur from taking an experimental drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical market where patients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking the drugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze the information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Use of animals in drug testing is done in the preclinical trials. A select group of patients who are involved in phase II studies participate in studies where the participants have the disease the drug is intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are usually paid for their participation. Nurses may observe for adverse effects and toxicity.