Nokea
A client has an order to receive 10 units of intermediate-acting insulin at bedtime via subcutaneous injection. The nurse would expect to administer the injection at which site? Select one that does not apply.
- A. Upper arm
- B. Inner forearm
- C. Upper abdomen
- D. Upper thigh
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sites for subcutaneous injection are the upper arms, the upper abdomen, and the upper thighs.
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Grapefruit juice contains furanocoumarins that have been found to:
- A. Alter absorption of drugs through competition for binding sites
- B. Inhibit CYP 3A4, leading to decreased first-pass metabolism of drugs
- C. Alter vitamin K metabolism, leading to prolonged bleeding
- D. Enhance absorption of calcium and vitamin D
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice inhibit CYP3A4, reducing first-pass metabolism and increasing drug levels (e.g., statins).
The nurse explains the Drug Enforcement Agencys (DEAs) schedule of controlled substances to the nursing assistant who asks, Do you ever get a prescription for Schedule I medications? What is the nurses best response?
- A. Schedule I medications have no medical use so they are not prescribed.
- B. Schedule I medications have the lowest risk for abuse and do not require a prescription.
- C. Schedule I medications are only prescribed in monitored units for patient safety.
- D. Schedule I medications are found in antitussives and antidiarrheals sold over the counter.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Schedule I medications have no medical use and are never prescribed. Schedule V medications have the lowest risk for abuse and are found mostly in antitussives and antidiarrheals but they are not sold over the counter.
A potential harmful effect on patients who take some herbal medication is:
- A. Constipation
- B. Lead poisoning
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Life-threatening rash
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Some herbal products may contain lead contaminants, posing a risk of poisoning.
A nurse working for a drug company is involved in phase III drug evaluation studies. Which of the following might the nurse be responsible for during this stage of drug development?
- A. Working with animals who are given experimental drugs
- B. Monitoring drug effects in patients who are selected to participate in a study, who have the disease that the drug is meant to treat
- C. Collecting records of symptoms that participants experience while taking a drug and determining whether they are caused by the disease or the drug
- D. Informing healthy, young volunteer participants of possible risks that could occur from taking an experimental drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical market where patients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking the drugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze the information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Use of animals in drug testing is done in the preclinical trials. A select group of patients who are involved in phase II studies participate in studies where the participants have the disease the drug is intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are usually paid for their participation. Nurses may observe for adverse effects and toxicity.
A nurse is monitoring a client who takes aspirin 81 mg PO daily. The nurse should identify which of the following manifestations as adverse effects of daily aspirin therapy? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Hypertension
- B. Coffee-ground emesis
- C. Tinnitus
- D. Nausea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin can cause GI bleeding , tinnitus , and nausea ; 'possessias' is likely a typo.