Nokea
Regular intake of small amount of ethanol may
- A. Increase HDL level and LDL oxidation
- B. Decrease HDL level and LDL oxidation
- C. Increase HDL level and decrease LDL oxidation
- D. Decrease synthesis of VLDL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Moderate ethanol intake is known to increase HDL (good cholesterol) levels and reduce LDL oxidation, offering some cardiovascular benefit.
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According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations, what is the role of the nurse in preparing for the possibility of bioterrorism?
- A. Post updated information on signs and symptoms of infections caused by biological agents
- B. Provide guidelines for treating patients exposed to, or potentially exposed to, biological agents
- C. Remain current on recognition and treatment of infections caused by biological weapons
- D. Advocate for increased funding for research involving bioterrorism and patient treatment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nurses need to remain current about recognition of and treatment for those exposed to biological weapons because nurses are often called upon to answer questions, reassure the public, offer educational programs, and serve on emergency preparedness committees. The CDC posts updated information on signs and symptoms of infections caused by biological agents that nurses would read. The CDC also provides guidelines for how to treat patients exposed to biological agents and the nurse must remain current on this information. Although nurses could advocate for funding, this is not usually the role of the nurse.
A nurse is teaching the parents of a school-age child about transdermal Methylphenidate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Apply one patch twice per day.
- B. Leave the patch on for 9 hr.
- C. Apply the patch to the child's waist.
- D. Use opened tray within 6 months.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methylphenidate patches are worn for 9 hours to control ADHD symptoms during the day.
The nurse is preparing to administer a medication from a multidose bottle. The label is torn and soiled but the name of the medication is still readable. What is the nurses priority action?
- A. Discard the entire bottle and contents and obtain a new bottle.
- B. Find the drug information and create a new label for the bottle.
- C. Ask another nurse to verify the contents of the bottle.
- D. Administer the medication if the name of the drug can be clearly read.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When the drug label is soiled obscuring some information the safest action by the nurse is to discard the bottle and contents because drug labels contain a great deal of important information, far more than just the name of the drug. Concentration of the drug, expiration date, administration directions, and precautions may be missing from the label and so put the patient at risk. Looking up drug information in a drug handbook or consulting with another nurse will not supply the expiration date or concentration of medication. Be safe and discard the bottle and its contents.
The client has a PRN prescription for loperamide hydrochloride (Imodium). The nurse understands that this medication is used for which condition?
- A. Constipation
- B. Abdominal pain
- C. An episode of diarrhea
- D. Hematest-positive nasogastric tube drainage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Loperamide is an antidiarrheal agent. It is used to manage acute and also chronic diarrhea in conditions such as inflammatory16inflammatory bowel disease. Loperamide also can be used to reduce the volume of drainage from an ileostomy. It is not used for the conditions in options 1, 2, and 4.
A pharmacology student asks the instructor what an accurate description of a drug agonist is. What is the instructors best response?
- A. A drug that reacts with a receptor site on a cell preventing a reaction with another chemical on a different receptor site
- B. A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalyst for different chemical reactions
- C. A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site
- D. A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive antagonists are drugs that react with some receptor sites preventing the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site. Drug-enzyme interactions interfere with the enzyme systems that stimulate various chemical reactions.