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The first-line treatment for cough related to an upper respiratory tract infection (URI) in a 5-year-old child is:
- A. Fluids and symptomatic care
- B. Dextromethorphan and guaifenesin syrup (Robitussin DM for Kids)
- C. Guaifenesin and codeine syrup (Tussin AC)
- D. Chlorpheniramine and dextromethorphan syrup (Nyquil for Kids)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluids and symptomatic care are safest and recommended for URI cough in young children; cough suppressants are discouraged under 6.
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Only free drugs can act on target sites and can be eliminated.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: True; only free (unbound) drugs can interact with target sites and be filtered/excreted, as bound drugs are pharmacologically inactive.
A 68-year-old patient who must take antihistamines for severe allergies is planning a vacation to Mexico. The nurse will encourage the patient to:
- A. Avoid sightseeing during the hottest part of the day
- B. Discontinue the antihistamines if he becomes extremely restless
- C. Decrease the dosage of the drugs if he experiences excessive thirst
- D. Continue taking the antihistamines even if he begins to hallucinate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antihistamines can decrease sweating by blocking cholinergic receptors, placing the patient at high risk for heat stroke. Avoiding the hottest part of the day will help prevent dehydration and heat prostration. Extreme restlessness could indicate Parkinson-like syndrome not usually associated with antihistamines. Excessive thirst is characteristic of hyperglycemia, and hallucinations are associated with drugs that affect neurologic functioning. Nurses should never tell patients to decrease or discontinue a drug unless the prescriber has instructed them to do so.
The nurse explains that what drug resource book is compiled from package inserts?
- A. Nurse's Drug Guide
- B. Physicians Desk Reference (PDR)
- C. Drug Facts and Comparisons
- D. AMA Drug Evaluations
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The PDR is a compilation of information found on package inserts. The Nurse's Drug Guide uses more easily understood language and incorporates nursing considerations and patient teaching points. Drug Facts and Comparisons includes cost comparison, often not found in other drug resource guides. The AMA Drug Evaluations is far less biased than the PDR and includes drugs still in the research stage of development.
Drug absorbed by active transport is
- A. Propranolol
- B. Ergotamine
- C. Levodopa
- D. Amantidine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levodopa uses active transport via amino acid carriers in the gut.
The mean weight of 500 college students is 70 kg and the standard deviation is 3 kg. Assuming that the weight is normally distributed, determine how many students weigh between 60 kg and 75 kg.
- A. 450
- B. 476
- C. 480
- D. 490
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Convert to z-scores: (60-70)/3 = -3.33, (75-70)/3 = 1.67. P(-3.33 < Z ≤ 1.67) = P(Z ≤ 1.67) - P(Z ≤ -3.33) = 0.9525 - (1 - 0.9996) = 0.9521. Then, 0.9521 * 500 ≈ 476, as per the document.