Nokea
Jamie has fractured his ankle and has received a prescription for acetaminophen and hydrocodone (Vicodin). Education when prescribing Vicodin includes:
- A. It is okay to double the dose of Vicodin if the pain is severe
- B. Vicodin is not habit-forming
- C. He should not take any other acetaminophen-containing medications
- D. Vicodin may cause diarrhea; increase his fluid intake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Avoiding extra acetaminophen prevents overdose; Vicodin is habit-forming , and constipation, not diarrhea , is common.
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Which of the following is the indication for glucocorticoid prescribing?
- A. Cataract
- B. Prevention of respiratory distress
- C. Hypofunction of thyroid gland
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids are indicated to prevent respiratory distress, such as in preterm infants for lung maturation.
Which of the following glucocorticosteroids are used for cerebral oedema:
- A. Triamcinolon
- B. Prednisolon
- C. Prednison
- D. Dexamethasone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dexamethasone is preferred for cerebral edema due to its potent anti-inflammatory effects and minimal mineralocorticoid activity.
Cholinergic blockers are used to:
- A. Counteract the extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) effects of phenothiazines
- B. Control tremors and relax smooth muscle in Parkinson's disease
- C. Inhibit the muscarinic action of ACh on bladder muscle
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cholinergic blockers address EPS, Parkinson's symptoms, and bladder overactivity.
An elderly person has been prescribed lactulose for treatment of chronic constipation. Monitoring with long-term treatment would include:
- A. Electrolytes, including potassium and chloride
- B. Bone mineral density for osteoporosis
- C. Magnesium level
- D. Liver function
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lactulose can alter electrolytes (e.g., potassium) in the elderly; osteoporosis or magnesium aren't directly linked.
A community health nurse visits a client at home. Prednisone 10 mg orally daily has been prescribed for the client and the nurse reinforces teaching for the client about the medication. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates that further teaching is necessary?
- A. I can take aspirin or my antihistamine if I need it.'
- B. I need to take the medication every day at the same time.'
- C. I need to avoid coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate in my diet.'
- D. If I gain more than 5 pounds a week, I will call my doctor.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin and other over-the-counter medications should not be taken unless the client consults with the health care provider (HCP). The client needs to take the medication at the same time every day and should be instructed not to stop the medication. A slight weight gain as a result of an improved appetite is expected, but after the dosage is stabilized, a weight gain of 5 lb or more weekly should be reported to the HCP. Caffeine-containing foods and fluids need to be avoided because they may contribute to steroid-ulcer development.