Nokea
Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6 year-old child with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse instructs the mother to administer the iron with which best food item?
- A. Milk
- B. Water
- C. Apple juice
- D. Orange juice
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be instructed to administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may affect absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a greater amount of vitamin C than apple juice.
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A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computed tomography (CT) scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14-month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?
- A. Pharmacoeconomics
- B. Pharmacotherapeutics
- C. Pharmacodynamics
- D. Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The oncology nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body.
A patient is being treated with isoniazid (INH), rifampin, and pyrazinamide in phase I of treatment for tuberculosis. The organism develops resistance to isoniazid. Which drug will the nurse anticipate the provider will order to replace the isoniazid?
- A. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
- B. Ethambutol (Myambutol)
- C. Kanamycin
- D. Streptomycin sulfate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ethambutol replaces INH in phase I if resistance occurs; ciprofloxacin or kanamycin are less common first-line options. If there is bacterial resistance to isoniazid, the first phase may be changed to ethambutol, rifampin, and pyrazinamide.
A nurse is preparing to initiate IV therapy for an older adult client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Use a disposable razor to remove excess hair on the extremity.
- B. Select the back of the client's hand to the catheter.
- C. Entered the veins by using a blood pressure cuff.
- D. Direct the client to raise his arm above his heart
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The back of the hand is a common site for older adults due to accessible veins and reduced risk of complications.
After completing a course on pharmacology for nurses, what will the nurse know?
- A. Everything necessary for safe and effective medication administration
- B. Current pharmacologic therapy; the nurse will not require ongoing education for 5 years.
- C. General drug information; the nurse can consult a drug guide for specific drug information.
- D. The drug actions that are associated with each classification of medication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After completing a pharmacology course nurses will have general drug information needed for safe and effective medication administration but will need to consult a drug guide for specific drug information before administering any medication. Pharmacology is constantly changing, with new drugs entering the market and new uses for existing drugs identified. Continuing education in pharmacology is essential to safe practice. Nurses tend to become familiar with the medications they administer most often, but there will always be a need to research new drugs and also those the nurse is not familiar with because no nurse knows all medications.
Furosemide is added to a treatment regimen for heart failure that includes digoxin. Monitoring for this combination includes:
- A. Hemoglobin
- B. Serum potassium
- C. Blood urea nitrogen
- D. Serum glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide's potassium loss can enhance digoxin toxicity, requiring potassium monitoring.