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Parents of a preschool child ask the nurse, "Should we set rules for our child as part of a discipline plan?" Which is an accurate response by the nurse?
- A. It is best to delay the punishment if a rule is broken.
- B. The child is too young for rules. At this age, unrestricted freedom is best.
- C. It is best to set the rules and reason with the child when the rules are broken.
- D. Set clear and reasonable rules and expect the same behavior regardless of the circumstances.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clear and reasonable rules provide structure and help children understand expectations, promoting consistent behavior and discipline.
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An anxious 12-year-old child receives an injection from the nurse and sighs with relief when it is done. After a moment of reflection, the girl asks the nurse, 'Is it hard to give someone an injection?' This child's question is evidence that the child has developed which cognitive skill?
- A. Conservation
- B. Accommodation
- C. Decentering
- D. Class inclusion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decentering. Decentering is the ability to consider multiple aspects of a situation, which the child's question demonstrates. In this scenario, the child's question shows that she is thinking beyond her own experience and considering the difficulty or complexity of giving an injection from the nurse's perspective. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Conservation refers to understanding that certain properties of an object remain the same despite changes in its appearance. Accommodation is the process of adjusting existing knowledge or creating new mental categories to incorporate new information. Class inclusion involves understanding the relationship between a whole set and its subsets, which is not demonstrated in the child's question.
The nurse is caring for a child with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?
- A. Occurs after a urinary tract infection
- B. Occurs after a streptococcal infection
- C. Associated with renal vascular disorders
- D. Is caused by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Occurs after a streptococcal infection.' Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis often occurs after an infection with certain strains of streptococcus bacteria, specifically group A streptococcus. The body's immune response to the infection leads to inflammation and damage in the kidneys. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is primarily associated with streptococcal infections, not urinary tract infections, renal vascular disorders, or E. coli.
The clinic nurse is reviewing statistics on infant mortality for the United States versus other countries. Compared with other countries that have a population of at least 25 million, the nurse makes which determination?
- A. The United States is ranked last among 27 countries
- B. The United States is ranked similar to 20 other developed countries
- C. The United States is ranked in the middle of 20 other developed countries
- D. The United States is ranked highest among 27 other industrialized countries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The nurse is caring for an adolescent hospitalized for asthma. The adolescent belongs to a large family. The nurse recognizes that the adolescent is likely to relate to which group?
- A. Peers
- B. Parents
- C. Siblings
- D. Teachers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adolescents typically identify and relate more closely to their peer group, especially during the teenage years when peer relationships become a central focus.
The nurse is caring for an adolescent who is overweight. Which of the following psychological effects of being overweight during adolescence will the nurse consider when planning care for the adolescent?
- A. Poor body image
- B. Sexual promiscuity
- C. Feelings of contempt for thin peers
- D. Lack of independence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adolescents who are overweight often struggle with poor body image, which can lead to low self-esteem and mental health issues. Addressing body image concerns and promoting healthy lifestyle changes are important aspects of care. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Sexual promiscuity is not a direct psychological effect of being overweight; feelings of contempt for thin peers are not a common or recommended psychological response; lack of independence is a broad term that does not specifically relate to the psychological effects of being overweight.