Physical Exam Cardiovascular System

Physical Exam Cardiovascular System Related

Review Physical Exam Cardiovascular System related questions and content

Which artery supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, a portion of the septum, SA node, AV node, and inferior portion of the left ventricle?

  • A. Right coronary artery
  • B. Left circumflex artery
  • C. Posterior descending artery
  • D. Aortic artery
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Right coronary artery. This artery supplies the mentioned structures as it branches off from the aorta and follows the coronary sulcus to reach the right side of the heart. It provides blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, part of the septum, SA node, AV node, and inferior left ventricle. The Left circumflex artery (B) mainly supplies the left atrium and lateral part of the left ventricle. The Posterior descending artery (C) typically arises from the right coronary artery and supplies the inferior part of the heart. The Aortic artery (D) is not a specific artery that directly supplies the structures mentioned.

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How might the blood pressure be affected in a client whose body mass index (BMI) is 31 (obese)?

  • A. increased
  • B. decreased
  • C. no change
  • D. a change either way
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Obesity is strongly associated with increased blood pressure due to factors like insulin resistance and increased vascular resistance.

The nurse is administering digoxin to a client with a heart rate of 45 bpm. What is the nurse's priority action?

  • A. Hold the digoxin and notify the healthcare provider.
  • B. Administer the digoxin as ordered.
  • C. Increase the dose of digoxin.
  • D. Monitor the client's heart rate and reassess in 30 minutes.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hold the digoxin and notify the healthcare provider. Digoxin is a medication that can slow down the heart rate, and a heart rate of 45 bpm is below the normal range. Holding the medication and informing the healthcare provider is the priority to prevent potential harm from further slowing the heart rate. Administering the digoxin as ordered (B) would worsen the bradycardia. Increasing the dose of digoxin (C) would be dangerous. Monitoring the client's heart rate and reassessing in 30 minutes (D) may delay necessary intervention.

What is the term for the ability of cardiac cells to respond to a stimulus by initiating a cardiac impulse?

  • A. Excitability
  • B. Contractility
  • C. Rhythmicity
  • D. Conductivity
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Excitability. Excitability refers to the ability of cardiac cells to respond to a stimulus by initiating a cardiac impulse. This process is essential for the heart to function properly. Contractility (B) is the ability of cardiac muscle to shorten forcibly when stimulated. Rhythmicity (C) refers to the heart's ability to generate a regular rhythm of contractions. Conductivity (D) is the ability of cardiac cells to transmit electrical impulses. Excitability is the most fitting term in this context as it specifically describes the response of cardiac cells to a stimulus.

You make a home visit to evaluate a hypertensive patient who has been taking enalapril (Vasotec) for 3 weeks. Which information indicates that you need to contact the physician about a change in the drug therapy?

  • A. Patient complains of frequent urination.
  • B. Patient's blood pressure is 138/86.
  • C. Patient coughs often during the visit.
  • D. Patient complains of occasional dizziness.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A persistent cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like enalapril, and it may warrant a change in medication.

For which of the following should Mr. Murphy contact his physician following bypass surgery?

  • A. A generalized feeling of being weak and tired
  • B. Incisional discomfort for 4 postoperative weeks
  • C. The presence of some pink drainage from the leg incision site
  • D. Inability to increase walking distance without pain
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Difficulty increasing activity may indicate complications.

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