Cardiovascular System Practice Exam

Cardiovascular System Practice Exam Related

Review Cardiovascular System Practice Exam related questions and content

What is the ability of cardiac cells to respond to an impulse by transmitting the impulse along cell membranes?

  • A. Contractility
  • B. Automaticity
  • C. Conductivity
  • D. Rhythmicity
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Conductivity. Cardiac cells have the ability to transmit impulses along cell membranes, allowing for the coordinated contraction of the heart. Conductivity refers to this specific property of cardiac cells to propagate electrical signals.

Contractility (A) refers to the ability of cardiac muscle cells to generate force during contraction. Automaticity (B) refers to the ability of cardiac cells to spontaneously generate electrical impulses. Rhythmicity (D) refers to the regularity of these electrical impulses in the heart. Conductivity is the most relevant choice as it directly addresses the transmission of impulses along cell membranes in cardiac cells.

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What test uses sound waves to create images of the heart and assess its structure and function?

  • A. Echocardiogram
  • B. MRI
  • C. CT scan
  • D. X-ray
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart, providing detailed information about its structure and function. It is a non-invasive and safe test commonly used to diagnose various heart conditions. MRI (B) uses magnetic fields and radio waves, CT scan (C) uses X-rays, and X-ray (D) uses electromagnetic radiation, but none of these tests specifically utilize sound waves for imaging the heart.

Which term refers to the contraction phase of the heart when blood is ejected from the chambers?

  • A. Systole
  • B. Diastole
  • C. Contractility
  • D. Afterload
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Systole. During systole, the heart muscle contracts to pump blood out of the chambers. This phase is essential for delivering oxygenated blood to the body. Diastole (B) is the relaxation phase when the heart fills with blood. Contractility (C) refers to the heart's ability to contract, not a specific phase. Afterload (D) is the pressure the heart must pump against to eject blood, not a phase of the cardiac cycle. Therefore, the term that specifically refers to the contraction phase of the heart is systole.

What structure separates the left and right sides of the heart?

  • A. Interventricular septum
  • B. Endocardium
  • C. Epicardium
  • D. Pericardium
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Interventricular septum. This structure separates the left and right sides of the heart, forming a barrier between the two ventricles. It ensures that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not mix within the heart chambers. The endocardium (B) is the inner layer of the heart's chambers, the epicardium (C) is the outer layer of the heart, and the pericardium (D) is the sac surrounding the heart. These structures do not specifically separate the left and right sides of the heart.

This heart condition is characterized by decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion, which can lead to organ failure.

  • A. Cardiogenic shock
  • B. Myocardial infarction
  • C. Endocarditis
  • D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiogenic shock. Cardiogenic shock is characterized by decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion due to the heart's inability to pump effectively, leading to organ failure. This condition is a result of heart failure or myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction (choice B) is a cause of cardiogenic shock, but not the specific condition described. Endocarditis (choice C) and pericarditis (choice D) do not directly result in decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion leading to organ failure like cardiogenic shock does.

The client on furosemide is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?

  • A. Hypokalemia
  • B. Hypernatremia
  • C. Hyperkalemia
  • D. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases potassium excretion in the urine, leading to low potassium levels (hypokalemia). This can cause muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias. Hypernatremia (B) is high sodium levels, unrelated to furosemide. Hyperkalemia (C) is the opposite of what furosemide causes. Hyponatremia (D) is low sodium levels, not typically associated with furosemide use.

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