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What condition is characterized by the inflammation of the pleura, causing sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing?
- A. Pleurisy
- B. Pericarditis
- C. Endocarditis
- D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pleurisy. Pleurisy is characterized by inflammation of the pleura, the lining surrounding the lungs, causing sharp chest pain exacerbated by breathing. Pericarditis (B) is inflammation of the pericardium, the lining around the heart, not the pleura. Endocarditis (C) is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, not the pleura. Myocarditis (D) is inflammation of the heart muscle, not the pleura. Therefore, based on the symptoms described in the question, Pleurisy is the most appropriate diagnosis.
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The client is on amiodarone and reports blurred vision. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Reassure the client that this is a common side effect.
- B. Instruct the client to report this symptom to the healthcare provider immediately.
- C. Advise the client to stop taking the medication.
- D. Discontinue the amiodarone immediately.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because blurred vision can be a serious side effect of amiodarone indicating potential optic nerve damage. Instructing the client to report this symptom to the healthcare provider immediately is crucial for further evaluation and management. Choice A is incorrect as blurred vision should not be dismissed as a common side effect. Choices C and D are incorrect as advising the client to stop or discontinue the medication abruptly can be harmful and should only be done under healthcare provider guidance.
What procedure uses a catheter to open up a blocked or narrowed coronary artery, often involving the placement of a stent?
- A. Angioplasty
- B. Echocardiogram
- C. CT angiography
- D. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Angioplasty. During angioplasty, a catheter with a balloon at its tip is inserted into the blocked or narrowed coronary artery to widen the artery and improve blood flow. This procedure often involves the placement of a stent to help keep the artery open. Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure compared to a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), which requires open-heart surgery. Echocardiogram and CT angiography are diagnostic imaging tests and do not involve the insertion of a catheter to treat a blocked or narrowed coronary artery.
Which procedure is used to restore a normal heart rhythm in patients with arrhythmias, typically using electrical shocks?
- A. Cardioversion
- B. Defibrillation
- C. Ablation
- D. Angioplasty
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sure! Cardioversion is the correct answer because it is the procedure used to restore normal heart rhythm in patients with arrhythmias by delivering synchronized electrical shocks. This method is specifically used for irregular heart rhythms that are not immediately life-threatening. Defibrillation, while also using electrical shocks, is used for life-threatening arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. Ablation involves the destruction of abnormal heart tissue causing arrhythmias, and angioplasty is a procedure to open blocked arteries, not related to restoring heart rhythm.
What is a condition where the lungs become stiff and scarred, making it difficult to breathe and get enough oxygen into the bloodstream?
- A. Pulmonary fibrosis
- B. Pulmonary edema
- C. Pulmonary embolism
- D. Pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by stiff and scarred lungs, leading to breathing difficulties and reduced oxygen intake. This occurs due to the formation of excessive connective tissue in the lungs, impairing their ability to expand and contract properly. Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, not scarring. Pulmonary embolism is the blockage of a blood vessel in the lungs by a blood clot. Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, not related to lung stiffness or scarring.
Which of the following adverse effects should a nurse check for when administering lidocaine?
- A. Convulsions
- B. Amnesia
- C. Dyspnea
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Convulsions are a serious adverse effect of lidocaine toxicity, requiring vigilant monitoring.