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A nurse is teaching a patient about managing hypertension. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will monitor my blood pressure regularly.
- B. I will take my medication as prescribed.
- C. I can stop taking my medication once my blood pressure is normal.
- D. I will decrease my sodium intake.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. This statement indicates the need for further education because it suggests the patient plans to stop taking medication once blood pressure is normal, which can lead to hypertension returning. Monitoring blood pressure, taking medication as prescribed, and decreasing sodium intake are all appropriate actions for managing hypertension. Stopping medication abruptly can be dangerous and should only be done under a healthcare provider's guidance.
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A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic liver disease. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications?
- A. Jaundice.
- B. Anemia.
- C. Hyperglycemia.
- D. Hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Jaundice. In chronic liver disease, the liver is unable to properly process bilirubin, leading to jaundice. Jaundice is characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes. It is a common complication of liver disease and indicates impaired liver function. Anemia (choice B) may occur in liver disease, but it is not the primary complication. Hyperglycemia (choice C) and hypoglycemia (choice D) are more commonly associated with diabetes or pancreatic disorders, rather than chronic liver disease. Therefore, monitoring for jaundice is crucial in the care of a patient with chronic liver disease.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a history of hypertension and reports a new onset of headaches, nausea, and dizziness. The nurse should be most concerned about which of the following?
- A. Hypertensive crisis.
- B. Migraine headache.
- C. Benign positional vertigo.
- D. Tension headache.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertensive crisis. The nurse should be most concerned about this option because the patient has a history of hypertension and is experiencing new onset symptoms such as headaches, nausea, and dizziness, which could indicate a sudden and severe increase in blood pressure. This condition, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications such as stroke or heart attack.
Summary:
- B: Migraine headache is unlikely as the symptoms described are not typical of a migraine.
- C: Benign positional vertigo is unlikely as it does not explain the presence of headaches and nausea.
- D: Tension headache is less concerning compared to hypertensive crisis, given the patient's history of hypertension and the severity of symptoms.
A family who immigrated to Canada 3 months ago has come to the clinic to see the nurse practitioner. One of the parents has found work, but not in his fielThe other parent has not been able to find a joThis family of five is living in a one-bedroom apartment. The nurse practitioner is aware that the health of new immigrants is:
- A. negatively affected, as a result of many contributing factors.
- B. positively affected by having access to modern urban hospitals.
- C. unlikely to change without help from government programs.
- D. improved by employment and stable housing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: New immigrants face many challenges such as language barriers, cultural differences, lack of social support, and limited access to healthcare.
Step 2: These factors can negatively impact their health by causing stress, mental health issues, and difficulties in accessing healthcare services.
Step 3: Employment and stable housing are important factors for immigrants' health, but they alone may not address the broader issues affecting their well-being.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is A, as the health of new immigrants is indeed negatively affected by a combination of contributing factors beyond just employment and housing.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of diabetes. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications?
- A. Hypoglycemia.
- B. Hyperkalemia.
- C. Hypotension.
- D. Hyperglycemia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hyperglycemia. Patients with diabetes are at risk for high blood sugar levels, leading to hyperglycemia. This can result in various complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. The nurse should monitor the patient's blood glucose levels regularly to prevent these serious complications.
Explanation for incorrect choices:
A: Hypoglycemia - While hypoglycemia is a concern for diabetic patients, hyperglycemia is a more common and immediate risk.
B: Hyperkalemia - While hyperkalemia can occur in some diabetic patients, hyperglycemia is a more common and primary concern.
C: Hypotension - While diabetic patients can experience hypotension, hyperglycemia poses a more immediate threat to their health.
A patient with diabetes is being discharged after a prolonged hospitalization. Which of the following should the nurse include in discharge instructions?
- A. The patient should check their blood glucose levels regularly.
- B. The patient should stop taking insulin once they feel better.
- C. The patient should exercise vigorously every day.
- D. The patient should avoid all carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Regularly checking blood glucose levels is crucial for diabetic patients to monitor their condition and adjust treatment as needed. This helps in managing blood sugar levels effectively and preventing complications.
Choice B is incorrect because stopping insulin abruptly can lead to dangerous fluctuations in blood sugar levels.
Choice C is incorrect because while exercise is important for diabetic patients, vigorous exercise every day may not be suitable for everyone and should be discussed with healthcare providers.
Choice D is incorrect as carbohydrates are an essential source of energy and nutrients for the body. Diabetic patients can still consume carbohydrates in controlled portions as part of a balanced diet.