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Which factor is most closely associated with cognitive decline in older adults?
- A. Genetic predisposition to neurodegenerative diseases
- B. Limited physical activity and poor nutrition
- C. Social engagement and mental stimulation
- D. Early retirement and lack of work-related stress
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because limited physical activity and poor nutrition have been consistently linked to cognitive decline in older adults. Physical activity promotes blood flow to the brain, which helps with cognitive function. Additionally, a balanced diet rich in nutrients supports brain health. Genetic predisposition (A) can play a role but is not the most closely associated factor. Social engagement and mental stimulation (C) are beneficial for cognitive health but not the primary factor for decline. Early retirement and lack of work-related stress (D) are not directly linked to cognitive decline.
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In geriatric nursing, which factor is most important in determining the effectiveness of rehabilitation after a stroke?
- A. Age of the patient
- B. Family support and involvement
- C. Number of medications prescribed
- D. Patient’s previous health conditions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Family support and involvement. This is crucial in determining the effectiveness of rehabilitation after a stroke because a supportive and involved family can provide emotional support, encouragement, and assistance with activities of daily living. This positively impacts the patient's motivation, compliance with treatment, and overall well-being, leading to better rehabilitation outcomes.
A: Age of the patient - While age can be a factor in stroke recovery, it is not the most important factor as older patients can still make significant progress with proper rehabilitation and support.
C: Number of medications prescribed - While medication management is important in stroke recovery, it is not the most crucial factor for rehabilitation effectiveness.
D: Patient’s previous health conditions - While previous health conditions can impact stroke recovery, the level of family support and involvement plays a more significant role in determining the effectiveness of rehabilitation after a stroke.
Which of the following organizations have interdisciplinary membership?
- A. Gerontological Society of America
- B. National Gerontological Nurses Association
- C. American Society on Aging
- D. Association of Gerontology in Higher Education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, the Gerontological Society of America, because it includes members from various disciplines such as sociology, psychology, biology, and medicine. This interdisciplinary approach allows for a holistic understanding of aging. The other choices focus specifically on nursing (B), aging (C), or higher education (D), and do not encompass a wide range of disciplines like choice A. This makes them more specialized and less likely to have a diverse membership across different fields.
A peak flow meter
- A. is used to administer inhaled medications in dry powder form
- B. gives feedback to determine whether the client is developing asthma symptoms
- C. is used to identify specific allergy trigger agents
- D. can only be used by a respiratory therapist or nurse with special education
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a peak flow meter is used to monitor and measure the peak expiratory flow rate, which helps determine if the client is developing asthma symptoms such as airway constriction. It provides feedback on the client's lung function, helping to assess asthma control and guide treatment. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a peak flow meter is not used for administering medications, identifying allergy triggers, or limited to specific healthcare professionals.
Which of the following statements describing dental care for the elderly population is incorrect?
- A. Losing one's teeth is considered a normal part of the aging process.
- B. Clients who are edentulous continue to need to see dentists for regular checkups.
- C. Regular dental examinations can prevent tooth loss and correct bite misalignments, thus improving the elderly client's ability to chew healthful foods.
- D. The incidence of oral malignancies increases as a person ages. Therefore, regular oral exams are important to the health of the older adult.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because losing one's teeth is not a normal part of the aging process. Teeth loss is primarily due to poor oral hygiene, dental diseases, and other factors, not solely aging.
Step 1: Aging itself does not directly cause tooth loss.
Step 2: Proper oral care and regular dental checkups can prevent tooth loss.
Step 3: Edentulous clients still need dental checkups for oral health.
Step 4: Regular dental exams can prevent tooth loss and improve chewing ability.
Step 5: The incidence of oral malignancies does increase with age, emphasizing the importance of regular oral exams.
Incorrect answers:
B: Clients who are edentulous need dental checkups for oral health.
C: Regular exams can prevent tooth loss and improve chewing ability.
D: Oral malignancies increase with age, highlighting the importance of regular oral exams.
Overall, maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are crucial for elderly individuals' oral health, preventing tooth
What is the primary reason older adults with cognitive impairments experience difficulties with medication adherence?
- A. Lack of understanding of the importance of medication
- B. Cognitive decline affecting memory and decision-making
- C. Physical inability to manage medications
- D. Fear of side effects or drug interactions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cognitive decline affecting memory and decision-making. Older adults with cognitive impairments, such as dementia, may struggle with remembering to take their medications as prescribed and making sound decisions regarding their medication regimen due to cognitive decline. Memory deficits can lead to missed doses, while impaired decision-making can result in improper adherence. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the primary reason for medication non-adherence in this population is the cognitive decline impacting memory and decision-making, rather than lack of understanding, physical inability, or fear of side effects.