Nokea
Which statement is true about gonorrhea?
- A. It is caused by Treponema pallidum.
- B. Treatment is by multidose administration of penicillin.
- C. Treatment is by topical applications to lesions.
- D. Treatment of all sexual contacts is an essential part of treatment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The recommended treatment for gonorrhea is a combination of antibiotics. Currently, multidose administration of antibiotics such as ceftriaxone or azithromycin is often used due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Treatment by topical applications to lesions is not effective in treating systemic infections like gonorrhea. Treating all sexual contacts is an essential part of the management of gonorrhea to prevent reinfection and further transmission of the infection.
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Cystic fibrosis most often affects multiple systems of the body. The primary factor responsible for possible multiple clinical manifestations is which of the following?
- A. Hyperactivity of sweat glands
- B. Hypoactivity of parasympathetic nervous system
- C. Sweat chloride test >60 mEq/L
- D. Increased viscosity resulting in mucous gland secretions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to the production of thick, sticky mucus. This increased viscosity affects various organs and systems in the body, causing multiple clinical manifestations. The abnormal secretions block the airways in the lungs, leading to recurrent lung infections, breathing difficulties, and ultimately respiratory failure. In the digestive system, the thick mucus blocks the pancreatic ducts, impairing the release of digestive enzymes, which can result in malabsorption and malnutrition. Additionally, the thick secretions can affect the liver, leading to complications like liver disease. Therefore, the primary factor responsible for the multiple clinical manifestations in cystic fibrosis is the increased viscosity of the mucous gland secretions, which impacts various systems in the body.
Which leading cause of death topic should the nurse emphasize to a group of African- American boys ranging in age from 15 to 19 years?
- A. Suicide
- B. Cancer
- C. Firearm homicide
- D. Occupational injuries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should emphasize the leading cause of death topic related to firearm homicide to a group of African-American boys ranging in age from 15 to 19 years. This population is at a higher risk of being victims of firearm violence due to various socio-economic factors and systemic issues. By addressing the issue of firearm homicide, the nurse can provide important information on violence prevention, conflict resolution strategies, and community resources to help keep these young males safe. This education can potentially help reduce the risk of injury or death from firearm-related incidents within this vulnerable population.
Why are older adults with heart and blood vessel diseases susceptible to thrombophlebitis?
- A. Choose all that apply
- B. IV drugs and chemicals
- C. Impaired mobility
- D. Compromised circulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thrombophlebitis is the inflammation of a vein with the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) that can lead to serious complications. Older adults with heart and blood vessel diseases are more susceptible to thrombophlebitis due to various reasons:
Which laboratory study is monitored for the patient receiving heparin therapy?
- A. INR
- B. PTT
- C. PT
- D. Bleeding time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The laboratory study monitored for a patient receiving heparin therapy is the Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT). Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting clot formation. PTT measures the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade, which is affected by heparin administration. Monitoring the PTT helps ensure that the patient's blood is at the appropriate level of anticoagulation and reduces the risk of bleeding or clot formation.
Which of the following is usually the first symptom of a cataract that the nurse would expect a patient to report during assessment?
- A. Dry eyes
- B. Blurring of vision
- C. Eye pain
- D. Loss of peripheral vision
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blurring of vision is typically the first symptom of a cataract that the nurse would expect a patient to report during assessment. As a cataract develops, it causes clouding of the eye's lens, leading to a decrease in the clarity of vision. This blurriness can progress over time, impacting the patient's ability to see clearly. Other symptoms such as glare sensitivity, poor night vision, double vision, and color fading may also be present as the cataract progresses. Dry eyes, eye pain, and loss of peripheral vision are not typically the initial symptoms associated with cataracts.