Nokea
The nurse in the postoperative unit prepares to receive a client after a balloon angioplasty of the carotid artery. Which of the ff items of priority should the nurse keep at the bedside for such client?
- A. Blood pressure apparatus
- B. IV infusion stand
- C. Call bell
- D. Endotracheal intubation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Having a blood pressure apparatus at the bedside is a priority for a client following a balloon angioplasty of the carotid artery. Monitoring blood pressure closely is essential to assess for any signs of complications such as bleeding or thrombosis after the procedure. Rapid identification and management of any changes in blood pressure are crucial in the immediate postoperative period to ensure the client's safety and well-being. It allows the nurse to promptly intervene if there are any signs of complications, helping to prevent further harm to the client.
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A 3-year-old with croup has the following vital signs: HR 90, RR 44, BP 100/52, T 98.8°F. The parents ask if these are normal. The nurse's best response is:
- A. Your son's blood pressure is elevated.
- B. Your son's temperature is elevated.
- C. Your son's respiratory rate is elevated; a normal rate for his age is 20-30 breaths per minute.
- D. Your son's heart rate is elevated.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The elevated respiratory rate is concerning since normal for a 3- to 6-year-old is about 20-30 breaths per minute.
The most significant form of meningitis is:
- A. Bacterial
- B. Septic
- C. Aseptic
- D. Viral
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bacterial meningitis is considered the most significant form of meningitis because it is a serious, life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Bacterial meningitis is caused by bacteria infecting the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It can lead to complications such as brain damage, hearing loss, and even death if not treated promptly with antibiotics. Bacterial meningitis is more severe than viral or aseptic meningitis, hence why it is considered the most significant form.
A client has malignant lymphoma. As part of her chemotherapy, the physician prescribes chlorambucil (Leukeran), 10mg by mouth daily. When caring for the client, the nurse teaches her about adverse reactions to chlorambucil, such as alopecia. How soon after the first administration of chorambucil might this reaction occur?
- A. Immediately
- B. 2 to 3 weeks
- C. 1 week
- D. 1 month
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alopecia (hair loss) is a common adverse reaction to chlorambucil, which typically occurs within 2 to 3 weeks of starting treatment. This is because chemotherapy drugs like chlorambucil target rapidly dividing cells, which also includes hair follicles leading to hair loss. Patients should be informed about this potential side effect so that they can be prepared for it and explore options like wearing wigs or scarves if they wish.
In Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), all the following manifestations are at high risk of mortality in patients EXCEPT
- A. liver
- B. spleen
- C. lung
- D. hematopoietic system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lung involvement, while serious, is less lethal compared to liver, spleen, or hematopoietic system involvement.
A 48-year-old patient has been prescribed trihexyphenidyl for her Parkinson's disease. Which adverse reaction to this drug can be close-related?
- A. Excessive salivation
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Dryness of mouth
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trihexyphenidyl is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Anticholinergic drugs work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter in the nervous system. One common side effect of anticholinergic medications like trihexyphenidyl is dryness of the mouth (xerostomia). This occurs because the drug interferes with the normal functioning of the salivary glands, leading to reduced saliva production. Excessive salivation (choice A) is unlikely due to the drying effect of the medication. Bradycardia (choice B) is not typically associated with trihexyphenidyl use. Constipation (choice D) is another common adverse effect of anticholinergic medications, but dryness of the mouth is more closely related in this scenario.