Nokea
the characteristic symptoms of nephrosis in children is:
- A. dyspnea, albuminuria and weight loss
- B. hematuria, hyperlipedemia and proteinuria
- C. albuminuria, hypoproteinemia and edema
- D. hypertension, hematuria and malnutrition
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrosis in children is also known as nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of albuminuria (loss of protein in the urine), hypoproteinemia (low levels of protein in the blood), and edema (swelling due to fluid retention). This condition results from damage to the filters in the kidneys, leading to increased permeability and loss of protein in the urine. The classic triad of symptoms in nephrotic syndrome includes proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Other symptoms may include weight gain, frothy urine, and susceptibility to infections. Hematuria, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are not typical features of nephrotic syndrome in children.
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A 19 y.o. student develops trigeminal neuralgia. Which of the ff. actions will most likely aggravate her pain?
- A. Sleeping
- B. Reading
- C. Eating
- D. Cooking
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition characterized by sudden and severe facial pain caused by irritation or damage to the trigeminal nerve. Trigeminal neuralgia pain is often triggered by certain activities that stimulate the nerve, such as eating, talking, or brushing teeth. The act of chewing and ingesting food can put pressure on the trigeminal nerve, leading to increased pain for individuals suffering from trigeminal neuralgia. Therefore, eating is most likely to aggravate the pain in a 19-year-old student with trigeminal neuralgia.
In Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), all the following manifestations are at high risk of mortality in patients EXCEPT
- A. liver
- B. spleen
- C. lung
- D. hematopoietic system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lung involvement, while serious, is less lethal compared to liver, spleen, or hematopoietic system involvement.
A 16-year-old, 165-pound patient reports consuming 20-40 325-mg capsules containing acetaminophen 1 hour ago. You should
- A. measure the plasma level and determine potential toxicity from the level on the nomogram
- B. wait until 4 hours after ingestion to measure the plasma level and do nothing else
- C. administer activated charcoal immediately and measure the plasma level of acetaminophen 4 hours after ingestion
- D. send the patient home because an ingestion of this magnitude is not toxic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Activated charcoal can help reduce absorption of acetaminophen, and plasma levels should be measured 4 hours post-ingestion to assess toxicity using the nomogram.
Autism screening is recommended for all children at age of
- A. 12 to 18 months
- B. 18 to 24 months
- C. 24 to 36 months
- D. 36 to 48 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autism screening is recommended between 18 and 24 months.
Deaths have occurred when potassium chloride has been used incorrectly to flush a lock or central venous catheter. Which of the ff precautions should a nurse take to minimize this risk?
- A. Use a dilute form of potassium chloride before flushing locks
- B. Warm the KCL before flushing locks
- C. Read labels carefully on vials containing flush solutions for locks
- D. Replace the existing locks with new ones to avoid flushing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The precaution a nurse should take to minimize the risk of deaths occurring when potassium chloride is used incorrectly to flush a lock or central venous catheter is to read labels carefully on vials containing flush solutions for locks. This is essential to ensure that the correct solution is being used and to prevent accidental administration of potassium chloride, which can be fatal if used inappropriately. By carefully checking the labels, the nurse can confirm that they are using the correct flush solution and avoid any harmful errors. This simple precaution can help in ensuring patient safety and preventing adverse outcomes.