Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions

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As the surgical incision is closed, who are the personnel in-charge in counting the needles, sponges, and instruments?

  • A. the surgeon and anesthesiologist
  • B. the surgeon and the registered
  • C. the circulating and scrub nurse nurse first assistant
  • D. the anesthesiologist and anesthetist
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During the surgical procedure, the circulating nurse, scrub nurse, and nurse first assistant are responsible for keeping track of all instruments, needles, and sponges used. As the surgical incision is being closed, the circulating nurse and the scrub nurse/nurse first assistant conduct a final count of all needles, sponges, and instruments to ensure that nothing is accidentally left inside the patient's body. This is a critical step in preventing retained surgical items (RSI), which can lead to serious complications for the patient. It is part of the standard protocol in the operating room to have these specific personnel take charge of counting and verifying all items before the procedure is concluded.

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The child refusing to go to bed and remaining active is likely due to

  • A. thyrotoxicosis
  • B. ADHD
  • C. primary sleep disorder
  • D. limit-setting behavioral insomnia of childhood
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Limit-setting insomnia involves resistance to bedtime routines.

Alveolar type of rhabdomyosarcoma accounts for approximately 1/3 of all cases of pediatric RMS and carries the poorest prognosis. Of the following, the MOST common site of involvement by alveolar type RMS is

  • A. orbit
  • B. middle ear
  • C. extremities
  • D. bladder
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Extremities are the most common site for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.

A patient who is being tested for HIV asks what tests are used. The nurse would correct in stating that the tests used to confirm HIV infection are which of the following?

  • A. CD 4+ cell count and thymus function.
  • B. ELISA and Western Blot
  • C. B-cell and T-cell count.
  • D. CD 4+, viral load, and ELISA
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and Western Blot are the two main tests used to confirm HIV infection. ELISA is typically the first test performed to detect HIV antibodies in the blood. If the ELISA test is positive, the Western Blot test is then used to confirm the presence of HIV antibodies and differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. Both tests are highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing HIV infection. Other tests like CD4+ count and viral load are used to monitor disease progression but are not used primarily to confirm HIV infection.

Which of the following malignancies is least likely to occur in a 10-month-old infant?

  • A. neuroblastoma
  • B. nephroblastoma
  • C. retinoblastoma
  • D. hepatoblastoma
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hepatoblastoma is rare in infants under 1 year old, being more common in toddlers.

is a Self - Limiting disease that affects of femoral head :

  • A. Coxa
  • B. JRA
  • C. Rickets
  • D. DDH
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rickets is a self-limiting disease that affects the growth plates in bones, including the femoral head. It is primarily caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, which is necessary for proper bone mineralization and growth. Rickets is more common in children and can lead to weakened bones, deformities, and growth disturbances. With proper treatment and supplementation, rickets can be reversed and often resolves once the underlying vitamin D deficiency is addressed.

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