Pediatric NCLEX Questions

Pediatric NCLEX Questions Related

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Victorio is being managed for diarrhea. Which outcome indictes that fluid resuscitation is successful?

  • A. he passess formed stools at regular intervals
  • B. he reports a decrease in stool frequency and liquidity
  • C. he exhibits frim skin turgor
  • D. he no longer experiences perianal burning
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The outcome that indicates successful fluid resuscitation in managing diarrhea is when the patient reports a decrease in stool frequency and liquidity. This is because diarrhea is characterized by an increase in stool frequency and liquidity due to the body's attempt to expel irritants or infections. By successfully resuscitating with fluids, the goal is to rehydrate the body and restore electrolyte balance, which should lead to a decrease in stool frequency and formation of more solid stools. This improvement in stool consistency and frequency is a clear indicator that the fluid resuscitation has been effective in treating the diarrhea. Therefore, option B is the correct choice for the outcome indicating successful fluid resuscitation in this scenario.

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During starvation, the body slows metabolic processes and growth to minimize the need for nutrients. With the rapid reinstitution of feeding after starvation refeeding syndrome may occur. Of the following, the major changes that may occur with refeeding syndrome typically affect

  • A. electrolytes
  • B. serum proteins
  • C. hormones
  • D. liver enzymes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Refeeding syndrome primarily affects electrolytes, particularly phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, which can become dangerously depleted due to rapid shifts in metabolism.

Which painful, tender, pea-sized nodules may appear on the pads of the fingers or toes in bacterial endocarditis?

  • A. Osler nodes
  • B. Janeway lesions
  • C. Subcutaneous nodules
  • D. Aschoff nodes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Osler nodes are painful, tender, pea-sized nodules that can appear on the pads of the fingers or toes and are associated with bacterial endocarditis. These nodules result from immune-complex deposition in the small blood vessels of the skin. They are not to be confused with Janeway lesions, which are painless, non-tender macules found on the palms and soles in infective endocarditis. Subcutaneous nodules are seen in conditions like rheumatic fever, while Aschoff nodes are characteristic of rheumatic fever involving the heart.

The nurse is aware that a common physiologic adaptation of children with tetralogy of Fallot is:

  • A. Clubbing of fingers
  • B. Slow, irregular respirations
  • C. Subcutaneous hemorrhages
  • D. Decreased red blood cell count
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Clubbing of fingers is a common physiologic adaptation seen in children with tetralogy of Fallot. Clubbing is the result of chronic hypoxia and decreased oxygen levels in the blood. In children with tetralogy of Fallot, there is a structural defect in the heart that leads to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart and decreased oxygenation of the blood circulating to the body. This chronic hypoxia can cause clubbing of the fingers, where the tips of the fingers appear enlarged and the nails are rounded. Therefore, clubbing of fingers is a key sign to monitor in children with tetralogy of Fallot.

The nurse will assess a loss of ability in which of the following areas?

  • A. Balance
  • B. Speech
  • C. Judgment
  • D. Endurance
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse will assess a loss of ability in the area of balance. Balance is an essential component of the physical function that allows individuals to maintain an upright posture and stability during movement. A loss of balance can significantly impact a person's mobility, coordination, and safety. Nurses often assess balance as part of their evaluations to identify any impairments that may affect a patient's independence and daily activities.

Where is the best place to observe for the presence of petechiae in dark-skinned individuals?

  • A. Face
  • B. Buttocks TestBankWorld.org
  • C. Oral mucosa
  • D. Palms and soles
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Petechiae are small, pinpoint, red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding into the skin. In dark-skinned individuals, it can be challenging to visualize petechiae due to the pigmentation of the skin. However, one of the best places to observe for the presence of petechiae in dark-skinned individuals is the oral mucosa, specifically the inner lining of the mouth. The oral mucosa is usually lighter in color compared to the skin, making it easier to identify petechiae in this area. Palms and soles may also be a good place to observe for petechiae, but the oral mucosa is typically the preferred site for examination in dark-skinned individuals.

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