Nokea
As the surgical incision is closed, who are the personnel in-charge in counting the needles, sponges, and instruments?
- A. the surgeon and anesthesiologist
- B. the surgeon and the registered
- C. the circulating and scrub nurse nurse first assistant
- D. the anesthesiologist and anesthetist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the surgical procedure, the circulating nurse, scrub nurse, and nurse first assistant are responsible for keeping track of all instruments, needles, and sponges used. As the surgical incision is being closed, the circulating nurse and the scrub nurse/nurse first assistant conduct a final count of all needles, sponges, and instruments to ensure that nothing is accidentally left inside the patient's body. This is a critical step in preventing retained surgical items (RSI), which can lead to serious complications for the patient. It is part of the standard protocol in the operating room to have these specific personnel take charge of counting and verifying all items before the procedure is concluded.
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For a patient who is being discharged on digoxin, the nurse should include which of the ff. in an explanation to the patient on the signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity?
- A. Poor appetite
- B. Halos around lights
- C. Constipation
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digoxin toxicity can manifest in various ways, but one common sign is the presence of visual disturbances such as seeing halos around lights. This is due to digoxin's effect on the optic nerve. Patients experiencing halos around lights should seek medical attention promptly as it may indicate a serious reaction to the medication. The other options (poor appetite, constipation, tachycardia) may occur with digoxin toxicity as well, but the visual disturbance of halos around lights is a classic and important sign to be aware of.
A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of renal failure. He also mentions that he has stomach distress and ha ingested numerous antacid tablets over the past 2 days. His blood pressure is 110/70, his face is flushed, and he is experiencing generalized weakness. Choose the most likely magnesium (Mg ) value.
- A. 11mEq/L
- B. 2mEq/L
- C. 5mEq/L
- D. 1mEq/L
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's presentation suggests that he may be suffering from hypermagnesemia (high magnesium levels) due to excessive ingestion of antacid tablets. Symptoms of hypermagnesemia can include flushing, weakness, and low blood pressure. A serum magnesium level of 11mEq/L is consistent with hypermagnesemia. In this scenario, the other values (2mEq/L, 5mEq/L, 1mEq/L) are unlikely to be the correct magnesium level based on the patient's symptoms and history of antacid ingestion.
Parents of a newborn are concerned because the infant's eyes often "look crossed" when the infant is looking at an object. The nurse's response is that this is normal based on the knowledge that binocularity is normally present by what age?
- A. 1 month
- B. 3 to 4 months
- C. 6 to 8 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Binocularity refers to the ability of both eyes to focus on the same object and create a single, three-dimensional image. In infants, binocularity typically develops between the ages of 6 to 8 months. Prior to this age, it is common for infants to show occasional misalignment or "crossed" eyes when focusing on an object. This is usually a normal part of the visual development process and tends to resolve as binocular vision strengthens with age. Therefore, it is considered normal for newborns to show occasional crossed eyes until binocularity develops around 6 to 8 months of age.
Which of the ff is an initial sign or symptom of acute bronchitis?
- A. Nonproductive cough
- B. Anorexia
- C. Labored breathing
- D. Gastric ulceration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An initial sign or symptom of acute bronchitis is a nonproductive cough. This type of cough produces little to no phlegm or sputum. As the condition progresses, the cough may become productive, with the production of thick yellow or green mucus. Other common symptoms of acute bronchitis may include chest discomfort, fatigue, mild fever, and sore throat. Labored breathing is more commonly associated with conditions such as pneumonia or asthma, while anorexia and gastric ulceration are not typically initial signs of acute bronchitis.
Sexual abuse should be considered in children who have behavioral problems, although no behavior is pathognomonic. Which of the following behavior should raise the suspicion of sexual abuse?
- A. aggressive
- B. obsessive-compulsive
- C. dissociative
- D. hypersexuality
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypersexuality in children is highly unusual and strongly indicative of possible sexual abuse, as it reflects exposure to inappropriate sexual content or experiences.