Nokea
The presenting diameter in brow presentation is
- A. Submentobregmatic
- B. Suboccipitofrontal
- C. Occipitalfrontal
- D. Mentovertical
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presenting diameter in brow presentation is the submentobregmatic diameter. This is because in brow presentation, the fetal head is partially extended, causing the forehead (bregma) to be the presenting part. The submentobregmatic diameter is the distance between the chin (mentum) and the highest point of the forehead (bregma). This diameter is crucial for successful delivery in brow presentation as it is the smallest diameter that must pass through the maternal pelvis.
Summary of other choices:
B: Suboccipitofrontal - This diameter is not relevant in brow presentation as it involves the back of the head.
C: Occipitalfrontal - This diameter is the distance between the back of the head and the forehead, also not relevant in brow presentation.
D: Mentovertical - This diameter is the distance between the chin and the vertex of the head, not the forehead.
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The AGACNP is treating a patient with ascites. After a regimen of 200 mg of spironolactone daily, the patient demonstrates a weight loss of 0.75 kgday. The best approach to this patients management is to
- A. Continue the current regimen
- B. D/C the spironolactone and begin a loop diuretic
- C. Add a loop diuretic to the spironolactone
- D. Proceed to large-volume paracentesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Continue the current regimen. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic commonly used to treat ascites. The weight loss of 0.75 kg/day indicates that the current regimen is effective. Continuing the regimen is appropriate to avoid electrolyte imbalances. Discontinuing spironolactone (Choice B) can lead to rebound edema. Adding a loop diuretic (Choice C) may increase the risk of electrolyte disturbances. Large-volume paracentesis (Choice D) is reserved for cases of refractory ascites.
The type of cord prolapse characterized by presence of the fetal umbilical cord alongside the presenting part is
- A. Occult umbilical cord prolapse
- B. Overt umbilical cord prolapse
- C. Funic cord prolapse
- D. Complete cord prolapse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Funic cord prolapse. Funic cord prolapse is characterized by the fetal umbilical cord being alongside the presenting part. This type of cord prolapse is a more specific term used to describe the exact position of the cord in relation to the presenting part.
The other choices are incorrect because:
- A: Occult umbilical cord prolapse refers to a hidden or concealed cord prolapse, where the cord is not visible externally.
- B: Overt umbilical cord prolapse is when the cord is visible externally before the presenting part.
- D: Complete cord prolapse implies that the entire cord has descended through the cervix before the presenting part, not just alongside it.
Therefore, the correct choice is C as it accurately describes the specific positioning of the umbilical cord in relation to the presenting part during cord prolapse.
Greatly reduced eliminations and red rosy appearance of face are among the features of
- A. Hypothermia neonatorum
- B. Hypoglycemia neonatorum
- C. Hyperthermia neonatorum
- D. Hypocalcemia neonatorum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is C: Hyperthermia neonatorum. Greatly reduced eliminations and a red rosy appearance of the face are indicative of hyperthermia, which is an elevated body temperature. This condition can lead to dehydration and other complications.
A: Hypothermia neonatorum is characterized by low body temperature, not elevated.
B: Hypoglycemia neonatorum refers to low blood sugar levels, not related to the symptoms mentioned.
D: Hypocalcemia neonatorum is a deficiency of calcium in the blood, not associated with the given features.
In summary, hyperthermia neonatorum is the correct answer due to the specific symptoms presented, while the other choices do not align with the described features.
How can healthcare providers support women after stillbirth?
- A. Offer emotional counseling
- B. Explain causes clearly
- C. Support in planning future pregnancies
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: 1. Emotional counseling helps women cope with grief.
2. Explaining causes provides closure and understanding.
3. Supporting future pregnancies ensures better outcomes.
4. All options address different aspects of support needed after stillbirth.
5. Therefore, providing emotional counseling, explaining causes, and supporting future pregnancies collectively offer comprehensive care.
Chemical diabetes mellitus is a classification based on
- A. Symptom are absent and abnormal specific laboratory results
- B. Presence of symptoms and abnormal specific laboratory results
- C. Previous congenital abnormalities and unexplained stillbirth
- D. Previous birth of a baby weighing >4.3kg and spontaneous abortion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Symptom are absent and abnormal specific laboratory results. Chemical diabetes mellitus refers to a condition where there are abnormal specific laboratory results indicating diabetes without the presence of any symptoms. This classification is based on objective data from laboratory tests rather than subjective symptoms. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the definition of chemical diabetes mellitus, which focuses on laboratory results rather than symptoms, congenital abnormalities, or pregnancy outcomes.