Nokea
Ms. Kweke’s possible complications (obstructed labour):
- A. Hemorrhage, uterine rupture
- B. Fetal distress, infection
- C. Preterm birth, asphyxia
- D. Both A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Obstructed labor can lead to prolonged pressure on the uterus, causing hemorrhage and uterine rupture (A).
2. Prolonged labor can result in fetal distress due to reduced oxygen supply and potential infection (B).
3. Therefore, both complications mentioned in A and B can occur in obstructed labor.
Summary:
A: Incorrect - Preterm birth and asphyxia are not directly related to obstructed labor.
B: Incorrect - Only fetal distress and infection are commonly associated with obstructed labor.
C: Incorrect - Both A and B are possible complications of obstructed labor, making D the correct choice.
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How does iron supplementation benefit pregnancy?
- A. Increases fetal blood flow
- B. Reduces anemia
- C. Prevents miscarriages
- D. Enhances fetal bone growth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iron supplementation benefits pregnancy by correcting or preventing iron deficiency anemia in the mother. Anemia can lead to various complications for the mother and baby. Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to tissues. Therefore, by reducing anemia, iron supplementation ensures optimal oxygen delivery to both the mother and the developing fetus. This ultimately supports healthy pregnancy outcomes.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Iron supplementation does not directly increase fetal blood flow.
C: While iron deficiency may increase the risk of miscarriage, iron supplementation alone does not prevent miscarriages.
D: Iron is not directly involved in fetal bone growth, so iron supplementation does not enhance this aspect of fetal development.
Which one of the following drugs when used by a pregnant woman is likely to lead to oligohydramnios?
- A. Diazepam
- B. Captopril
- C. Ampicillin
- D. Pethidine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Captopril. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that can lead to oligohydramnios in pregnant women due to its effect on reducing fetal renal function. This can result in decreased amniotic fluid levels. Diazepam (A) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and is not associated with oligohydramnios. Ampicillin (C) is an antibiotic commonly used during pregnancy and does not cause oligohydramnios. Pethidine (D) is an opioid analgesic with no known association with oligohydramnios in pregnancy.
The term used to describe the situation whereby there is the presence of more than one part of the fetus on the pelvic brim at the onset of labor is
- A. Unstable lie
- B. Fetal malpresentation
- C. Fetal malposition
- D. Compound presentation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Compound presentation. This term refers to the situation where there is more than one part of the fetus on the pelvic brim at the onset of labor. This can include a hand or arm alongside the head or another body part. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Unstable lie refers to the fetus being in a transverse position. B: Fetal malpresentation indicates an abnormal presentation of the fetus, such as breech or transverse. C: Fetal malposition refers to the fetus being in a suboptimal position, like occiput posterior. Thus, the best choice is D as it specifically describes the scenario of multiple fetal parts on the pelvic brim.
The lie is defined as unstable when it keeps varying after
- A. 36 weeks gestation
- B. 42 weeks gestation
- C. 38 weeks gestation
- D. 40 weeks gestation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (36 weeks gestation) because at this point in pregnancy, the fetus has reached a stable lie position. Before 36 weeks, fetal lie can vary due to the ample space in the uterus. After 36 weeks, the fetus tends to settle into a consistent head-down or breech position, making the lie stable. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are past the point where the lie typically stabilizes, leading to less variability in fetal positioning.
The AGACNP recognizes that which of the following diagnostic studies is essential in all cases of acute abdomen?
- A. Abdominal radiograph
- B. Contrast radiography
- C. Chest radiography
- D. Ultrasonography
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chest radiography. In cases of acute abdomen, a chest radiograph is essential to rule out conditions like pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pneumonia which may present with similar symptoms. This helps in identifying potential causes of abdominal pain outside the abdomen. Abdominal radiograph (A) may not provide enough information for diagnosis. Contrast radiography (B) and ultrasonography (D) are not universally essential for all cases of acute abdomen and may not be appropriate in certain situations.