Nokea
Effects of pregnancy on malaria are
- A. Development of severe anaemia and severe jaundice
- B. Blood smear is always positive and severe anaemia
- C. Therapy limitation and few parasites in severe cases
- D. Loss of pregnancy and severe condition in few parasites
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. Pregnancy can lead to severe anaemia due to increased demand for iron and folate.
2. Pregnancy-induced physiological changes can exacerbate malaria-related anaemia.
3. Severe jaundice may occur in pregnant women with malaria due to liver dysfunction.
4. These effects are common during pregnancy and can worsen with malaria infection.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
- Choice B: Blood smear positivity is not always guaranteed in malaria, and severe anaemia is not the only effect.
- Choice C: Therapy limitations can occur, but the presence of few parasites in severe cases is not a defining feature.
- Choice D: Loss of pregnancy can happen, but it is not a universal effect of malaria during pregnancy, and severity is not based on parasite count alone.
You may also like to solve these questions
Uterine apoplexy is associated with
- A. Incidental haemorrhage
- B. Placental abruption
- C. Multiple pregnancy
- D. Placenta praevia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Uterine apoplexy is the sudden rupture of blood vessels in the uterus, leading to severe hemorrhage. Placental abruption is the most likely cause due to the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, resulting in bleeding. Incidental hemorrhage is not sudden or severe. Multiple pregnancy may increase the risk but doesn't directly cause uterine apoplexy. Placenta previa involves the placenta covering the cervix, leading to bleeding but not necessarily uterine rupture. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
Which of the following types of aortic aneurysms requires immediate surgical intervention?
- A. Type A
- B. Type B
- C. Descending
- D. Symptomatic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Type A aortic aneurysm. Type A involves the ascending aorta, which is more critical due to proximity to the heart. Immediate surgical intervention is necessary to prevent catastrophic complications like aortic dissection or rupture. Choice B, Type B, usually involves the descending aorta and can often be managed through medical therapy initially. Choice C, Descending aneurysm, may not require immediate surgery unless symptomatic or rapidly expanding. Choice D, Symptomatic aneurysm, could refer to any type and would need further evaluation to determine the urgency of surgical intervention.
Ms. Kweke’s possible complications (obstructed labour):
- A. Hemorrhage, uterine rupture
- B. Fetal distress, infection
- C. Preterm birth, asphyxia
- D. Both A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Obstructed labor can lead to prolonged pressure on the uterus, causing hemorrhage and uterine rupture (A).
2. Prolonged labor can result in fetal distress due to reduced oxygen supply and potential infection (B).
3. Therefore, both complications mentioned in A and B can occur in obstructed labor.
Summary:
A: Incorrect - Preterm birth and asphyxia are not directly related to obstructed labor.
B: Incorrect - Only fetal distress and infection are commonly associated with obstructed labor.
C: Incorrect - Both A and B are possible complications of obstructed labor, making D the correct choice.
Homeopathy, music therapy, and hydrotherapy are among the
- A. Systemic methods of pain relief
- B. Regional analgesia methods of pain relief
- C. Inhalational analgesia method of pain relief
- D. Non-pharmacological methods of pain relief
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Non-pharmacological methods of pain relief. Homeopathy, music therapy, and hydrotherapy are all non-pharmacological approaches that do not involve the use of medication to manage pain. They focus on alternative techniques to alleviate pain, such as using natural remedies, music, or water-based therapies. These methods aim to address pain through holistic approaches that do not rely on traditional pharmaceutical interventions.
A: Systemic methods of pain relief typically involve medications that affect the entire body, such as opioids.
B: Regional analgesia methods target specific areas for pain relief, like nerve blocks.
C: Inhalational analgesia involves administering pain relief medications through inhalation, such as nitrous oxide.
In summary, the other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the non-pharmacological nature of homeopathy, music therapy, and hydrotherapy in managing pain.
With respect to tumor nomenclature, the AGACNP knows that the term carcinoma describes
- A. Malignant neoplasms of internal structure
- B. Tumors that have lost normal growth regulation
- C. A dysfunctional metaplastic adaptation
- D. Neoplasms of epithelial origin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the term "carcinoma" specifically refers to neoplasms of epithelial origin. Epithelial cells line the surfaces and cavities of the body, so carcinomas originate from these tissues. This term does not describe internal structure (A), loss of growth regulation (B), or metaplastic adaptation (C). Carcinomas are the most common type of cancer and can occur in various organs such as the skin, lungs, breasts, and colon.