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Which of the following statements is true regarding nursing ethics?
- A. Nursing ethics focus on the organizational level at the workplace.
- B. Nursing ethics focus on the duties and rules of behavior for professional nurses.
- C. Nursing ethics focus on the moral character of nurses.
- D. Nursing ethics focus on the experiences and needs of nurses.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because nursing ethics primarily concern the ethical principles, duties, and rules of behavior that guide professional nurses in their practice. This includes aspects such as patient confidentiality, informed consent, and beneficence.
A is incorrect because nursing ethics are not limited to the organizational level but extend to individual actions within the profession.
C is incorrect as while moral character is important, nursing ethics are more about professional responsibilities and conduct.
D is incorrect because while the experiences and needs of nurses are important, nursing ethics are primarily about how nurses interact with patients, families, and colleagues.
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Professionalism has historically been difficult to define. Early definitions of professionalism included which of the following characteristics?
- A. Expertise
- B. Empathy
- C. Ethical and moral values
- D. Honesty
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Expertise. Professionalism is often associated with possessing a high level of expertise or specialized knowledge in a particular field. This expertise allows professionals to perform their duties effectively and competently. Early definitions of professionalism emphasized the importance of possessing the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in one's profession.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while empathy, ethical and moral values, and honesty are important characteristics of professionalism, they are not the defining factors. Empathy, ethics, and honesty are crucial components of professional behavior, but without expertise, a professional may not be able to effectively fulfill their responsibilities in their chosen field.
Which type of HMO contracts with two or more IPAs (Independent Practice Associations)?
- A. Staff model
- B. Point of service model
- C. Network model
- D. Group model
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Network model. In this model, the HMO contracts with multiple IPAs, allowing members to choose from a wider network of physicians. This promotes flexibility and choice. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Staff model involves directly employing physicians, not contracting with IPAs.
B: Point of service model allows members to go outside the network for care, not necessarily contracting with IPAs.
D: Group model involves physicians working in a group practice, not IPAs.
What is the main concern with collective bargaining?
- A. Create tension among nurses.
- B. Reform health care.
- C. Secure economic security.
- D. Unite the nurses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Create tension among nurses. Collective bargaining involves negotiation between labor unions and employers, which can lead to disagreements and conflicts among nurses over issues such as wages, working conditions, and benefits. This tension is a common concern as it can impact unity and collaboration within the nursing workforce.
Summary:
B: Reform health care - This is incorrect as collective bargaining focuses on labor relations, not healthcare reform.
C: Secure economic security - This is incorrect as securing economic security is one of the goals of collective bargaining, not a concern.
D: Unite the nurses - This is incorrect as collective bargaining can sometimes lead to division and tension among nurses rather than uniting them.
What is the primary role of a nurse manager in a healthcare setting?
- A. To enforce hospital policies
- B. To oversee patient care
- C. To manage the financial aspects of the unit
- D. To ensure efficient operation of the unit
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary role of a nurse manager is to ensure the efficient operation of the unit. This involves coordinating staff, resources, and activities to provide high-quality patient care. By focusing on efficiency, the nurse manager can optimize workflows, improve patient outcomes, and enhance overall unit performance. Enforcing hospital policies (A) is important but not the primary role. While overseeing patient care (B) is essential, it is typically the responsibility of the healthcare providers. Managing the financial aspects of the unit (C) is important, but secondary to ensuring efficient operations. Thus, the correct answer is D as it encompasses the key responsibilities of a nurse manager in a healthcare setting.
Which of the following is a recommendation for avoiding charges of negligence and false imprisonment for confused clients?
- A. Carefully assess and document client status.
- B. Ensure all patient information is secure and the nurse has logged out of the computer before leaving the computer station.
- C. Keep detailed notes while providing care to ensure accurate documentation later in the day.
- D. Discuss safety needs with clients.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. Careful assessment helps in understanding the client's condition and needs.
2. Documenting client status provides evidence of the care provided.
3. It ensures that necessary actions are taken promptly to prevent negligence.
4. Documentation serves as legal protection against false imprisonment accusations.
Summary:
- Choice B is about data security, not directly related to preventing negligence and false imprisonment.
- Choice C focuses on accurate documentation but lacks the emphasis on assessment.
- Choice D is vague and does not specifically address the legal aspects of negligence and false imprisonment.