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A nurse is reviewing evidence-based teaching and learning principles. Which situation is most conducive to learning with patients of other cultures?
- A. An auditorium is being used as a classroom for 300 students.
- B. A teacher who speaks very little Spanish is teaching a class of Hispanic students.
- C. A class is composed of students of various ages and educational backgrounds.
- D. An Asian nurse provides nutritional information to a group of pregnant Asian women.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates cultural congruence, which is essential for effective communication and learning. By having an Asian nurse providing information to pregnant Asian women, there is a shared cultural background that enhances understanding and trust. This setting promotes cultural sensitivity and tailors the information to meet the specific needs and preferences of the audience. In contrast, the other choices lack cultural relevance and may hinder effective communication and learning. Choice A involves a large group setting, which may not allow for individualized cultural considerations. Choice B highlights a language barrier that can impede understanding. Choice C presents a diverse group, which may not address the unique cultural needs of each individual.
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A couple has been counseled for genetic anomalies. They ask you, 'What is karyotyping?' Which description is most accurate?
- A. Karyotyping will reveal if the baby's lungs are mature.
- B. Karyotyping will reveal if the baby will develop normally.
- C. Karyotyping will provide information about the gender of the baby and the number and structure of the chromosomes.
- D. Karyotyping will detect any physical deformities the baby has.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Karyotyping provides genetic information such as gender and chromosomal structure. The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, not karyotyping, reveals lung maturity. Although karyotyping can detect genetic anomalies, the range of normal is nondescriptive, and not all such anomalies display obvious physical deformities. The term 'deformities' is a nondescriptive word, and physical anomalies may be present that are not detected by genetic studies (e.g., cardiac malformations).
Maternity nurses can enhance communication among health care providers by using the SBAR technique. The acronym SBAR stands for what?
- A. Situation, background, assessment, recommendation
- B. Situation, baseline, assessment, recommendation
- C. Subjective, background, analysis, recommendation
- D. Subjective, background, analysis, review
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation, which is a communication technique for providing important information.
The nurse is arranging education for the menopausal support group regarding the approaches to treat the symptoms. Which of the following would be components of current treatments? Select all that apply.
- A. Moderately intense exercises
- B. Balanced diet, rich in calcium
- C. Alternative medicine such as black cohosh
- D. Over-the-counter sleep aid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. Moderately intense exercises help manage menopausal symptoms by reducing hot flashes and improving mood.
2. Exercise also helps in maintaining bone health and reducing the risk of osteoporosis.
3. Physical activity promotes overall well-being and can alleviate symptoms like weight gain and insomnia.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B. While a balanced diet rich in calcium is important for overall health, it is not a primary component of treating menopausal symptoms.
C. Alternative medicine like black cohosh may have some benefit, but evidence is inconclusive and not widely recommended.
D. Over-the-counter sleep aids may help with sleep disturbances, but they do not address the holistic management of menopausal symptoms.
In which step of the nursing process does the nurse determine the appropriate interventions for the identified nursing diagnosis?
- A. Planning
- B. Evaluation
- C. Assessment
- D. Intervention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the nursing process, planning is the step where the nurse determines appropriate interventions for the identified nursing diagnosis. Firstly, in the assessment step (choice C), the nurse collects data to identify the nursing diagnosis. Next, in the diagnosis step, the nurse analyzes the data to identify the nursing diagnosis. Then, in the planning step (choice A), the nurse develops a plan of care that includes specific interventions to address the nursing diagnosis. Finally, in the intervention step (choice D), the nurse implements the planned interventions. Evaluation (choice B) is the step where the nurse assesses the effectiveness of the interventions. Therefore, choice A is correct as it is the step where the nurse determines the appropriate interventions based on the identified nursing diagnosis.
Which statement regarding the Family Systems Theory is inaccurate?
- A. Family system is part of a larger suprasystem.
- B. Family, as a whole, is equal to the sum of the individual members.
- C. Changes in one family member affect all family members.
- D. Family is able to create a balance between change and stability.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Family Systems Theory posits that the family as a whole is greater than the sum of its individual members, meaning the family's dynamics are more complex than just the sum of each individual. The other statements are accurate according to this theory.