Nokea
The pectoral girdle consists of the:
- A. Sternum and scapula
- B. Clavicle and scapula
- C. Sternum and clavicle
- D. Scapula and humerus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clavicle and scapula. The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). The clavicle articulates with the sternum, providing a connection between the upper limb and the axial skeleton. The scapula forms the shoulder joint with the humerus. The sternum is part of the axial skeleton and not directly part of the pectoral girdle. The humerus is a bone of the upper arm and not part of the pectoral girdle. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it accurately represents the bones that make up the pectoral girdle.
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The layer of the uterus from which tissue is sloughed during menstruation is the:
- A. Endometrium
- B. Myometrium
- C. Parietal peritoneum
- D. Visceral peritoneum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus that sheds during menstruation.
If, on palpating the uterus in the postpartal period, the nurse finds the fundus is displaced superior to the umbilicus and to the right, the nurse should suspect that the cause is
- A. uterine atony
- B. bladder distension
- C. uterine hemorrhage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bladder distension displaces the fundus upward and laterally.
Which phases are included in the ovarian cycle?
- A. Proliferative and secretory phases
- B. Estrogen and progesterone phases
- C. Endometrial and luteal phases
- D. Follicular and luteal phases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the ovarian cycle includes the follicular phase (development of ovarian follicles) and the luteal phase (release of the egg and formation of the corpus luteum). The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Proliferative and secretory phases refer to phases of the menstrual cycle, not the ovarian cycle.
B: Estrogen and progesterone are hormones involved in the ovarian cycle, but they do not represent the phases themselves.
C: Endometrial and luteal phases involve the uterus and not specifically the ovary.
The vulva consists of which structure?
- A. Labia majora, minora, clitoris, mons pubis, and vestibular glands
- B. Penis, scrotum, and prostate gland
- C. Internal female structures, including the uterus and ovaries
- D. Openings of the urethra and vagina
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the vulva comprises the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, mons pubis, and vestibular glands. The labia majora and minora are outer and inner folds of skin, the clitoris is a sensitive organ, the mons pubis is a fatty area overlying the pubic bone, and the vestibular glands secrete lubrication. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the structures of the vulva. B refers to male reproductive structures, C to internal female organs, and D to specific openings rather than the entire vulva.
A patient who is experiencing trouble becoming pregnant reported that she has only two to three menstrual periods per year. What is an initial explanation for this problem?
- A. Ovulation is difficult to predict.
- B. There is a definite lack of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
- C. Something is blocking one or both fallopian tubes.
- D. Only one ovary is functioning.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer, A, is the initial explanation because irregular menstrual periods suggest infrequent ovulation, making it difficult to predict the fertile window for conception. Lack of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (B) would result in no ovulation at all. Blocked fallopian tubes (C) would prevent the egg from reaching the uterus, causing infertility. If only one ovary is functioning (D), the patient would still ovulate regularly from that ovary.